Fragment of the Book of the Dead of Epoeris

This fragment of papyrus contains a portion of funerary text written in black Hieratic ink. To the left, a coiled serpent with a raised head is drawn in a simple, linear style within a rectangular frame. To the right, dense columns of Hieratic script are organized by vertical black lines. In the upper right corner, a small, distinct line drawing shows a bird, likely a benu or similar water bird, standing in profile. The papyrus substrate is fibrous and light brown, showing signs of fraying at the edges.

This document is a manuscript fragment from an Egyptian 'Book of the Dead' (Spells of Coming Forth by Day), a collection of funerary spells designed to assist the deceased in navigating the afterlife and overcoming obstacles in the Duat. The use of Hieratic script suggests a functional, ritualized production intended for burial usage during the Ptolemaic period.