CONFUCIAN ANALECTS

The top portion of the page contains the original Chinese text of the Analects, printed in large vertical characters, followed by English translations and scholarly commentary in two columns below.

Chapter V. The Master said, “To rule a country of a thousand chariots, there must be reverent attention to business, and sincerity; economy in expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at the proper seasons.”

Chapter VI. The Master said, “A youth, when at home, should be filial, and, abroad, respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should overflow in love to all, and cultivate the friendship of the good. When he has time and opportunity, after the performance of these things, he should employ them in polite studies.”

5. Fundamental principles for the government of a large state. original: 道 is used for original: 導, “to rule” or “to lead,” and is marked in the fourth tone to distinguish it from the noun original: 道, which was anciently read in the third tone. It differs from original: 治, which refers to the actual business of government, while this term denotes the duty and purpose thereof as apprehended by the prince. The standpoint of these principles is the mind of the prince. original: 乘, in the fourth tone, means “a chariot,” distinct from its meaning in the second tone, “to ride.” A country of one thousand chariots was one of the largest fiefs of the empire, capable of fielding such an armament. The final principle—original: 使民以時—means that the people should not be called away from their

husbandry at improper seasons to perform service on military expeditions or public works.

6. Rules for the training of the young: duty first and then accomplishments. original: 弟子, “younger brothers and sons,” taken together, means “youths.” The second character original: 弟 is for original: 悌, as in Chapter II. original: 入 and original: 出, “coming in” and “going out,” refer to being at home and abroad. original: 汎 is explained by Chû Hsî as “wide” or “widely”; its proper meaning is the rush or overflow of water. original: 力, “strength,” here encompasses the idea of leisure. original: 學文 refers not merely to literary studies, but to all the accomplishments of a gentleman: ceremonies, music, archery, horsemanship, writing, and numbers.