CONFUCIAN ANALECTS

CHAPTER VIII. 1. The Master said, “If the scholar be not grave, he will not call forth any veneration, and his learning will not be solid.

2. “Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles.

3. “Have no friends not equal to yourself.

4. “When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them.”

CHAPTER IX. The philosopher Tsăng said, “Let there be a careful attention to perform the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed when long gone with the ceremonies of sacrifice;—then the virtue of the people will resume its proper excellence.”

CHAPTER X. 1. Tsze-ch‘in asked Tsze-kung, saying,

8. PRINCIPLES OF SELF-CULTIVATION. 1. Chün-tsze superior man/gentleman has here its lightest meaning, equivalent to a student—one who wishes to be a Chün-tsze. Kǒng Ānguó original: 孔安國, of the Han dynasty, in the second century before Christ, took original: 固 in the sense of “obscured” or “dulled,” and interprets: “Let him learn, and he will not fall into error.” The received interpretation, as in the translation, is better. 2. original: 主, as a verb, means “to hold to be chief.” 3. The object of friendship, for Chinese moralists, is to improve one’s knowledge and virtue; hence this seemingly, but not really, selfish maxim.

9. THE GOOD EFFECT OF ATTENTION ON THE PART OF SUPERIORS

TO THE OFFICES TO THE DEAD: AN ADMONITION OF TSĂNG SHĂN. original: 終, “the end,” means death, and original: 遠, “distant,” both have the force of adjectives meaning “the dead” and “the departed” or “the long gone.” original: 愼 and original: 追 mean “to be careful of” and “to follow,” but their application is as in the translation. original: 厚, “thick,” is the opposite of “thin” and metaphorically means good or excellent. The force of original: 歸, “to return,” is to show that this virtue is naturally proper to the people.

10. CHARACTERISTICS OF CONFUCIUS, AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE PRINCES OF THE TIME. 1. Tsze-ch‘in and Tsze-k‘ang original: 亢 are designations.