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Text around the rim: Rewards make rich? original Latin: PREMIA . FAC . DIT; likely an abbreviation of "praemia faciunt ditat," suggesting that virtuous deeds lead to great rewards.
Text flanking the portrait: Hercules? original Latin: HERCVLES
Text around the rim: ... Fatherland ...? original Latin: PATRIA Aeneas? original Latin: AEN, an abbreviation for the Trojan hero Aeneas.
The use of numismatics (the study of coins and medals) was a common way for Renaissance scholars to present historical figures. Here, Hercules represents physical and moral strength, while Aeneas represents "pietas"—duty to one's family and country. Together, these emblems (symbolic illustrations with mottos) suggest the manuscript may deal with themes of virtue, history, or classical antiquity.