Cosmos, Vol. 5

Notes.

¹ (P. 5.) "Aristotle," says Brandis in his History of Greco-Roman Philosophy (Vol. II. Part 2. p. 45), "is the most decisive representative of the rights of experience; he is at once Lord Bacon’s predecessor and his opponent, superior to him in depth and scope of mind. Proceeding from the empirical was a necessity for him, because he was convinced that the human mind is capable of recognizing the world of reality not from the concept, but only by means of the concept: and specifically in the measure to which the latter is developed in its correlation with the facts of experience." Hegel also calls the Stagirite A common nickname for Aristotle, who was born in Stagira. as a philosopher of nature a complete, but at the same time a thinking empiricist (Lectures on the History of Philosophy, edited by Michelet, Vol. II. 1833 p. 340). Regarding the long struggle between Realism and Idealism, the historical phases of the philosophy of experience, as well as the stages of development of empiricism in general, see the ingenious Kuno Fischer in his "Francis Bacon of Verulam and the Age of Real-Philosophy" (1856) pp. 383—388, especially pp. 468—472.

² (P. 7.) In the stricter sense of the words and in a greater generalization of concepts, "description of the world is the history of nature and of humanity. The explanation of the world is the science which recognizes what history reports." (Francis Bacon of Verulam, as cited above p. 165.)

³ (P. 7.) In the Heraclitean processes of nature, "becoming" consisted of a constant turning into the strict opposite; "the death of fire is the birth of air" original: "des Feuers Tod ist der Luft Geburt": for destruction is only the transformation of perishing things into the opposite of each. Just as in the organic body, a constant process of transformation prevails in the universe. Life and death were, to the Ephesian Heraclitus of Ephesus, a pre-Socratic philosopher known for his doctrine of change., identical natural processes; indeed, life itself was a process of