CHAPTER V.

CLASSIFICATION.

	PAGE
The obstacles encountered by humanity—The twelve primary categories—How specific forms are adapted for different roles—Demons as defined by theology . . .	34

PART II.

CHAPTER I.

HUNGER.


Hunger-demons—Kephn A term for a hungry or devouring spirit—Miru A goddess of the underworld in Polynesian mythology—Kagura—Ráhu, the Hindu spirit who devours the sun—The earth monster at Pelsall—A custom from Franconia A region in Germany—Sheitan The Arabic name for the Devil as a devourer of the moon—Hindu offerings to the dead—Ghouls—Goblins—Vampires—The thinness and leanness of demons—An ancient Scottish custom—The origins of religious sacrifice . . . . . . .	41

Hunger-demons—Kephn A term for a hungry or devouring spirit—Miru A goddess of the underworld in Polynesian mythology—Kagura—Ráhu, the Hindu spirit who devours the sun—The earth monster at Pelsall—A custom from Franconia A region in Germany—Sheitan The Arabic name for the Devil as a devourer of the moon—Hindu offerings to the dead—Ghouls—Goblins—Vampires—The thinness and leanness of demons—An ancient Scottish custom—The origins of religious sacrifice . . . . . . .

CHAPTER II.

HEAT.


Demons of fire—Agni The Hindu god of fire—Asmodeus—Prometheus—Fire festivals—Moloch An ancient deity associated with child sacrifice by fire—Tophet A place of burning or a name for Hell—Spirits of the lamp—Beltane fires original: "Bel-fires"; ancient Celtic midquarter day festivals—Halloween—African folk beliefs—The Chinese fire god—Volcanic and arson-related demons—The fire-demon of Mangaia An island in the South Pacific—The demonic fear of water . . .	57

Demons of fire—Agni The Hindu god of fire—Asmodeus—Prometheus—Fire festivals—Moloch An ancient deity associated with child sacrifice by fire—Tophet A place of burning or a name for Hell—Spirits of the lamp—Beltane fires original: "Bel-fires"; ancient Celtic midquarter day festivals—Halloween—African folk beliefs—The Chinese fire god—Volcanic and arson-related demons—The fire-demon of Mangaia An island in the South Pacific—The demonic fear of water . . .

CHAPTER III.

COLD.


The descent of Ishtar into the underworld original: "into Hades"; a reference to the Mesopotamian myth—The traditions of the Bards—Baldur—Hercules original: "Herakles"—Christ—Remaining traces of the Frost Giant in Slavic and other countries—The Clavie An ancient Scottish fire festival—The concept of a Frozen Hell—The Northern home of demons—The tradition of the north side of churches Traditionally considered the side of the "dark" or the devil in church architecture . . . . . . .	77

The descent of Ishtar into the underworld original: "into Hades"; a reference to the Mesopotamian myth—The traditions of the Bards—Baldur—Hercules original: "Herakles"—Christ—Remaining traces of the Frost Giant in Slavic and other countries—The Clavie An ancient Scottish fire festival—The concept of a Frozen Hell—The Northern home of demons—The tradition of the north side of churches Traditionally considered the side of the "dark" or the devil in church architecture . . . . . . .

CHAPTER IV.

ELEMENTS.


A Scottish Manasa original: "Munasa"; Manasa is the Hindu goddess of snakes—Rudra A Rigvedic deity associated with wind and storm—The lightning eye of Shiva original: "Siva"—The flaming sword—Demons with a limp—Demons of the storm—Helios, Elias, and Perun The Slavic god of thunder—	93