The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art, Vols. 1-3

The name Shanglin Park the Imperial Hunting Park existed during the time of Emperor Wu. Since Zhang Cang lived in the early Han Dynasty, how could he have predicted its inclusion? It follows that the compiler of this book lived after the middle of the Western Han. The old editions contained commentaries attributed to Liu Hui. Research into the History of the Jin Dynasty states that in the fourth year of the Jingyuan era of the Wei, Liu Hui provided commentary on the Nine Chapters. However, the commentary cites the bronze grain measures from the Jin Imperial Armory, suggesting that Liu Hui added and edited the text after entering the Jin era. There are also commentaries attributed to Li Chunfeng. Research into the History of the Tang Dynasty states that Li Chunfeng and his colleagues received an imperial decree to provide commentary on the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art, which was placed at the head of the Ten Mathematical Manuals. The Imperial Academy established thirty students of mathematics to study the Nine Chapters and the Sea Island Mathematical Manual, with a three-year limit. This was likely composed during that period.