格致鏡原 (Gezhi Jingyuan: Mirror of Scientific Origins) 100 Volumes

...Han Xianfu, the Official of the Winter Bureau, constructed a copper Armillary Sphere. Its design featured two celestial wheels, one horizontal and one vertical, each divided into 362 degrees to represent the ecliptic and the equator. A tube was placed on the side wheels to measure the movements of the sun, moon, and stars, all without error. Qunshu Kaosuo: The structure of Zhang Sixun's Armillary Sphere included the differences between the earth's axis, earth's wheel, and earth's feet, as well as the distinctions between the horizontal, vertical, and oblique wheels. The timing of day and night, and the degrees of the sun, moon, and five planets were all present, and the mechanical rotation was hidden within the pavilion. This followed the legacy of Yi Xing and Lingzan. The structure of Han Xianfu's Armillary Sphere included the distinction between travel rules and straight rules, the division of the ecliptic and equator, the 'viewing tube', and the 'leveling standard'—all were names of his instrument. The dragon pillar and the water gnomon were also distinct features. This was based on the legacy of Fu Feng's Yi Xing. Zhu Bian, Quwei Jiumen Old Records of the Qu River: In the 4th year of the Yuanyou era, on the day of the third month, the new copper Armillary Sphere was completed. It was built by Su Zirong. It was as large as a human body, and a person could stand inside it. It was like a concave sphere, with holes drilled according to the stars, and the holes were aligned with the stars to prepare for the force of the rotating wheels. The central stars at dusk and dawn were all visible through the holes as they appeared in time. Qunshu Kaosuo: I once read Su Song's 'Treatise on the Armillary Instrument' Yixiang Fayao from the Yuanyou era, which stated: "The ancients' method of measuring and observing the heavens had two paths: first, the Armillary Sphere; second, the Copper Observation Instrument. Also, according to Wu's Wang Fan, there is the 'Armillary Sphere' huntian yi, the ancient instrument of Xi and He, and there is also the 'Armillary Model' huntian xiang, used to depict the celestial bodies and simulate the stars. Both were used to examine the heavens, becoming increasingly precise." In detail, this shows that apart from the Armillary Sphere and the Copper Observation Instrument, there is also the Armillary Model, totaling three instruments. Chen Jiru, Taiping Qinghua Pure Conversations in Times of Peace: During the Zhizheng era, a lacquer craftsman from Wu named Wang was once commissioned by imperial decree to build an Armillary Sphere that could be folded for easy storage. Its ingenious design surprised everyone.
Water Clock ke lou Qunshu Kaosuo: The year has 366 days, and the length of the sun's shadow varies unevenly. Thus, the ancient kings carved arrows and poured water into vessels to measure it. Therefore, the Book of Sui states: "The Yellow Emperor created the water clock, establishing the rules for dividing day and night." Thus, the system of the water clock began with the Yellow Emperor. Later, it was used to assign officials; in the Rites of Zhou, the 'Water-Clock Keeper' qie hu shi was the office for this.