Treatise on Armament Technology, Volume 233
Leaf: No

Internal Components

Original: Fenxing (分形), meaning "divided forms" or a schematic breakdown. This section describes the individual parts required to assemble the firearm and its ammunition.

The Iron Lotus-pod pouch is one-tenth of an inch thick. It is placed atop the gunpowder and delivered to the inner charge. If one is using a single stone shot that has been drilled, then this component is not required.
The "Iron Lotus-pod pouch" (铁莲房袋) refers to a segmented metal casing that held smaller pellets or incendiaries, mimicking the seeds of a lotus. "One-tenth of an inch" translates the Chinese unit fen (分).

Polished Inlay Rings: These are sized to the diameter of the barrel's mouth; the quantity of clay used should be measured accordingly.
These metal rings reinforced the mouth of the bamboo barrel to prevent it from splitting upon discharge.

Rough Wood Support: This is chosen specifically for its convenience. While on the move, it is simply bound together; when you reach a location and set it down, it immediately serves as a firing stand.

Wooden Lid: This should be slightly larger than the mouth of the bamboo barrel. The exterior is coated with oil, and it is sealed firmly using either animal tallow or persimmon lacquer.
Persimmon lacquer (shiqi) was a common waterproof sealant in East Asia, often used for umbrellas and military gear.

Bamboo Barrel
Original: Zhu shen (竹身), literally the "bamboo body."

Stone Shot: These must be larger than the mouth of the bamboo barrel.
This suggests the stone acted as a plug or was intended to be wedged tightly to build up pressure before firing.

Bamboo Touchhole: This must be sealed with oil-putty before use. A crimson cord is coiled inside the bamboo; wrap it with oiled paper or persimmon lacquer to seal it firmly.
TouchholeOriginal: Huomen (火門), literally "fire door." This is the ignition port where the fuse meets the main explosive charge.

Wooden Handle

Hemp Wrap: Either hemp splints or a three-strand rope may be used.
These were wrapped tightly around the bamboo barrel to provide structural integrity, preventing the high pressure of the gunpowder from shattering the wood.