Treatise on Armament Technology, Volume 122

Military Equipment: Fire — Illustrated Explanations of Firearms II

Page 11

...dust and powder. Completing the final advantage from the previous page: "whatever it strikes is pulverized to dust and powder."

Paper-pasted Round Bomb

original: "zhihu yuanpao" (紙糊圓砲). This was a lightweight, cost-effective incendiary device. By using layers of pasted paper instead of heavy cast iron for the casing, the bomb was easier to transport and could be filled with a higher ratio of gunpowder and toxic chemicals to create a "fire ball" effect upon explosion.

Iron Caltrops

original: "tie ciling" (鐵刺菱); literally "iron thorn-water-caltrop." These were area-denial weapons scattered on the ground to impede the enemy. They were forged with four sharp points so that, no matter how they landed, one spike always pointed upward to pierce the feet of infantry or the hooves of horses.

Fire Rat

original: "huoshu" (火鼠). This refers to a small, agile incendiary device, often a type of "ground-runner" rocket. When ignited, it would scurry unpredictably across the ground toward enemy lines, mimicking the movement of a rat to spread fire and panic among troops and horses.