Bodleian Library MS. Barocci 131

...and?
...concerning?

But since? among? men? some? are? good? and? others? base?, and? some? live? in? virtue? and? others? in? vice?, it is necessary? also? for? the? constitutions? to differ? from one another?, and? for some? to be? correct? and? others? erroneous? and? perversions? of the? correct ones?. A constitution? is? an arrangement? of a city?, both of? the? other? offices? and? especially? of the? one? sovereign? over all?. For? everywhere? the? governing body? of the? city? is sovereign?, and? the governing body? is? the? constitution?. I mean?, for example?, that in? democracies? the? people? are sovereign?, but in? oligarchies? the opposite?, the? few?. And we say? that the? constitutions? of these? are? different?. We shall define? this? same? account? also? concerning? the? others?. First?, it must be defined? for the sake of what? a city? has been established? and? how many? kinds? of rule? there are? concerning? man? and? the? community? of life?. It has been said? also? according to? our? first? discourses?, in? which? household management? and mastery? were defined?, that? man? is a political? animal? by nature?. Wherefore?, even? when they have? no? need? of? assistance? from one another?, they desire? to live together?; nevertheless?, the? common? interest? also? brings them together?, insofar as? a part? of living? well? falls? to each?. This?, then?, is? especially? the end?, both? for all? in common? and? separately?; but they come together? also? for the sake of? life? itself? and? maintain? the? political? community?. For perhaps? there is? some? portion? of the? noble? even? in? living? itself? alone?, unless? it is excessively? overwhelmed? by? hardships? during? one's life?. It is clear? that? the? majority? of men? endure? much? suffering? while longing? for life?, as if? there were? a certain? well-being? in? it? and? a natural? sweetness?. Furthermore?, it is easy? to distinguish? the? so-called? modes? of rule?; for? also? in? our? exoteric? discourses? we define? them? often?. For? mastery?, although? the same? interest? exists? in? truth? for both the? natural? slave? and? the? natural? master?, nevertheless? it rules? toward? the? interest? of the? master? none? the less?, but toward? that? of the? slave? incidentally?; for? it is not? possible? for the? mastery? to be preserved? if the? slave? is destroyed?. But? the? rule? over children? and? wife? and? the? whole? household?, which? we indeed? call? household management?, is either? for the sake of? those? ruled? or? for some? common? interest of both?, essentially? for that? of the? ruled?, just as? we see? also? in the? other? arts?, such as? medicine? and? gymnastics?, but? incidentally? they might also be? for their own [sake]?. For? nothing? prevents? the? physical trainer? from sometimes? being? one? of those? being trained? himself?, just as? the? pilot? is? one? of the? sailors?. The? trainer? or? pilot?, then?, considers? the? good? of those? ruled?; but? when? one? of these? becomes? one [of them]? himself?, he shares? in the? benefit? incidentally?; for the one? becomes? a sailor?, and the other?, while being? a trainer?, becomes? one? of those? being trained?. Wherefore? also? concerning political? offices?, whenever? they are? established? according to the? equality? of the? citizens? and? according to? similarity?, they claim it right? to rule? in turn?, previously?, indeed?, in the way? it is natural?, claiming it right? to perform public service? in turn?, and? for someone? to look? again? to? his own? good?, just as? previously? he himself? while ruling? looked to? that person's? interest?. But now?, on account of? the? benefits? from? public funds? and? those? from? office?, they wish? to rule? continuously?, as if? it happened? that those? ruling?, though being? sickly?, were always? healthy?; for? perhaps? in this way? they would pursue? offices?. It is manifest?, therefore?, that? as many? constitutions? as? look to? the? common? interest?, these? happen? to be? correct? according to? absolute? justice?, but as many as? look to? their? own? interest? alone? as rulers?, are all? erroneous? and? perversions? of the? correct? constitutions?; for they are? despotic?, but? the? city? is? a community? of? free men?.