Clement of Alexandria I: Protrepticus and Paedagogus

the changes that can be traced back to Eusebius's Preparation for the Gospel in the same Paris manuscript1, e.g., 13, 14, 19; 15, 10; 17, 4, 10; 34, 20, are not to be considered for the above question. In other places, a decision regarding whether we are dealing with good improvements by an attentive reader or corrections according to a manuscript cannot be made with certainty. Both are equally possible for changes such as ἐστενοχωρεῖτο 23, 28 instead of ἐστενοχωρεῖτε; γένωνται 24, 30 instead of γενήσωνται; ἀνθρώποις 26, 23 instead of ἀνθρώπους; εἰσαγόμενοι 46, 4 instead of εἰσαγόμεναι; τὸν 50, 8 instead of τῶν; προστάττοντος 81, 27 instead of προστάττος; ὁ 84, 22 instead of ᾧ; πληρῶσαι 85, 21 instead of πλωρώσας; ἀρμόττειν 153, 21 instead of ἀρμόττει; παραστήσει 159, 22f instead of παρίστησι; ἐμπιμπλάμενον 166, 27 instead of ἐμπιμπλάμενοι; ἔτι πλανωμένους 167, 23 instead of ἐπιπλανωμένους; κόσμιον 168, 25 instead of κόσμον; ἀδεᾶ 188, 20 instead of ἀδέαν; ὑστέραν 211, 2 instead of ὑστεραίαν; περᾶν 211, 17 instead of πειρᾶν; σκέπης σώματος 220, 24 instead of σκέπη σώματος; παραπλησίωι 228, 2 instead of παραπλησίως; αὐτῶι 233, 7 instead of αὐτῶν; δεῖσθαι 242, 21 instead of δεῖται; μειρακίωι 244, 8 instead of μειρακίων; λιτότητα 251, 10 instead of λειότητα; ναὶ 254, 15 instead of αἱ; δι' 265, 1 instead of δεῖ; ἄψαιντο 265, 16 instead of ἅψαιτο; αὐταῖς 269, 20f instead of ταῖς; ἦν 270, 9 instead of ἦι; ἐγγεγλυμμένους 270, 14 instead of γεγυμνωμένους; κλεπτόμενον 275, 25 instead of βλεπτόμενον; ἀπολαύσαντες 279, 1f instead of ἀπολαύσαντας; ἐκπέπληκεν 281, 7 instead of ἐκπέπλακεν; ταῦτα 282, 30 instead of τ' αὐτὰ. The assumption that we are dealing with conjectures in such cases is favored by places where the change is certainly wrong or at least doubtful. Such places are: τοιούτους 24, 29; ληνεύουσιν 26, 9; ὧν 50, 15; ἐφθοῦ 164, 25; πάθους 174, 19; γεγονὸν 192, 12 and 265, 23; ἐπιψύχει 199, 22; παρεπομένους 200, 15; ἐπωνομάσθαι 201, 9; χρυσοῦν 220, 12; σώματι 221, 25; θεωρεῖν 222, 3; ὑπηνήτην 249, 30; οὗτοι 250, 10; τοῖς δὲ ἔχονται 252, 31; βούλονται πενίαν λέγειν 254, 9; κατοχὴ 277, 14; κίνησις 277, 15.

The most important criterion for the relationship between two manuscripts is always additions and omissions. Now, the additions by Arethas are very frequent. But when one looks at them more closely, it immediately becomes apparent that, with few exceptions, they concern the addition of the article, the relative pronoun, or a conjunction. Now, these small words are indeed often omitted through the carelessness of copyists, and in many places the additions of Arethas are certainly correct. But their insertion did not require the use of a manuscript.