Pal.gr.64 (1460) - Page 16

α With regard to the use and the established meanings of the ancient names: it relates to the theaters; for it is not possible for the father [to appear] from the stage; for it is something of the opposite. β This must be understood in relation to the types of dialects; for those after Homer [used the word] "scepter-bearing" original: σκηπτρουχίαν / skeptrouchian in this way. Nevertheless, one knows that it is necessary to make things common to all; others are placed moderately and in a balanced way so as to be mixed by both; especially those... γ ...the body itself and the dialect. For the same is also the middle of speaking; because of the antithesis, it reveals the foreign nature of the metaphorical language.

By nature; for once, he says, it was left on the mountains

nor will it sprout again; for the iron The "iron" refers to the bronze blade or knife used to strip the branch from the tree. has cut it away

both leaves and bark; but after this, the Greeks

the judges carry it in their hands, they who [guard] the laws

having received them from Zeus; and the oath has become give greater

for never, while I am guarded by the lots and the Greeks,

together with all the plants, nor does he know, and he alone is unguarded,

will he help; whenever very many fall dying by the hand of the man-slaying Hector;

and you will tear your soul within you,

being angry that you did not honor the best of the Achaeans.

Having spoken thus, Achilles threw the scepter upon the earth,

studded with golden nails; and he himself sat down.

But the son of Atreus Agamemnon was angry opposite him; and in the midst of these, Nestor

the sweet-spoken arose, the clear-voiced, the bold, and the tall;

from his tongue, the voice flowed sweeter than honey.

For him already, two generations of men "divided by voice" original: μεμερισμένων τῆι φωνῆι. This is a common Byzantine explanation of the Homeric epithet "meropes" (articulate-speaking), suggesting humans are defined by their ability to divide sounds into distinct syllables.

ε ...had already perished and grown weary. Among the ancient historians, the word "strongest" original: κράτιστος / kratistos comes from "good." They call generations "bitas" likely a corruption of 'biotas' or 'vitas'. No one after the Iliad composed in this way, except that he reigned over the generations. He speaks of the generations before the Iliad so that the young people, who are the "springs" original: πηγαὶ / pēgai of the generations, might see the generations in the strife of the very last men. Regarding the "parts" of those having the "divided voice," this is to distinguish them from those who do not judge. For it is not by voice alone, but by syllables and articulation that they hold their reputation; or by the voice to those together, it is also "I wish to walk." This is the genus. ϛ' And whenever a thing is added or the things following it.

had perished; those who in the together in the were written in the in Pylos in the

in good Pylos The kingdom of Nestor. they were educated; and in the third generation he was king,

who, thinking well among them, addressed the people and said:

"Alas, alas! How great a grief takes hold of the land of the Greeks!

Truly Priam would rejoice, and his sons,

and the rest of the Trojans would greatly exult in their souls,

if they were to hear all these things being done by you as you fight,

you who surpass all the Greeks in counsel and in war.

But be persuaded; for you are both younger than I.

For already I once associated even with better men than you,"

ζ Provocatively original: ἐρεθιστικῶς / erethistikōs

and with such men I knew not to act similarly; he caught their attention by starting with a lamentation.

Whenever someone has an enemy; he added, "of those who wish." For indeed, administration differs both in those who are deliberating

and in those who are warring. †