Socialism: Utopian and Scientific

and its specific application to the modern class struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie was only possible by means of dialectics. And if the schoolmasters of the German bourgeoisie have drowned the memory of the great German philosophers and the dialectics they carried in the swamp of a barren eclecticism, to such an extent that we are forced to call upon modern natural science as a witness for the verification of dialectics in reality — we German socialists are proud that we descend not only from Saint-Simon, Fourier, and Owen, but also from Kant, Fichte, and Hegel.

London, September 21, 1882.

Preface to the fourth edition.

My assumption that the content of this writing would cause our German workers little difficulty has been confirmed. At the very least, since March 1883, when the first edition appeared, three editions totaling 10,000 copies have been sold, and that under the rule of the defunct Anti-Socialist Law — at the same time a new example of how powerless police bans are against a movement like that of the modern proletariat.

Since the first edition, various other translations into foreign languages have appeared: an Italian one by Pasqual Martignetti: Il Socialismo Utopico ed il Socialismo scientifico. Benevento 1883; a Russian one: Razvitie naucznago Socializma The Development of Scientific Socialism. Geneva 1884; a Danish one: *Socialismens Udvikling fra Utopi til