Letters from Prison

August. C. Lazzari, G. M. Serrati, N. Bombacci, A. Bordiga, etc., are present. G. shares Bordiga's opinion on the necessity of an active intervention by the proletariat in the war crisis.

December. He proposes the creation of a proletarian culture association in Turin and affirms the necessity of integrating political and economic action with an organ of cultural activity. With some young men—Carlo Boccardo, Attilio Carena, Andrea Viglongo—he founds a "Club for Moral Life." He writes to Giuseppe Lombardo Radice about it.

December 24. He comments on the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks with the article The Revolution against "Capital" original: "La rivoluzione contro il « Capitale »", published by Serrati in the Milanese "Avanti!". In the following months, he leads a campaign in "Il Grido del popolo" for the ideological and cultural renewal of the socialist movement and, in parallel, publishes comments, news, and documents on the developments of the revolution in Russia, with the help of a Polish comrade, Aron Wizner.

1918 January. Accused of "voluntarism," he polemicizes with Claudio Treves in the article Critical Criticism original: "La critica critica", "Il Grido del popolo" (January 12).

In April, May, and June, G.'s name frequently appears in prefecture reports alongside those of the leaders of the Turin socialist section, which was linked to the intransigent revolutionary faction. He commemorates the birth of Marx in "Il Grido del popolo" with the article Our Marx original: "Il nostro Marx" (May 4), reprinted by "L'Avanguardia."

June 22. He publishes the article To Understand the Russian Revolution original: "Per conoscere la rivoluzione russa" in "Il Grido del popolo."

July. He testifies in favor of Maria Giudice—former director of "Il Grido del popolo"—in the trial regarding the "Turin events" of August 1917.

October 19. With a farewell by G., "Il Grido del popolo" ceases publication to make room for the Turin edition of "Avanti!".

December 5. The first issue of the Turin edition of "Avanti!" is released. Editor-in-chief: Ottavio Pastore; editors: G., Togliatti, Alfonso Leonetti, Leo Galetto. The circulation of the newspaper goes from 16,000 copies to 50,000 in a few months.

December 22. The first issue of the weekly "Il Soviet" The Soviet is released in Naples, future organ of the abstentionist faction of the P.S.I. Italian Socialist Party and, along with "l'Ordine nuovo" The New Order of Turin, a gathering center for the forces that will give life to the communist party.