1919

February. He publishes the article State and Sovereignty original: "Stato e sovranità" in the biweekly publication of Piero Gobetti, "Energie Nove" New Energies (nos. 7-8), in polemic with Balbino Giuliano's writing, Why I Am a Man of Order original: "Perché sono un uomo d'ordine".

March 18-22. The Directorate of the P.S.I. decides, with a majority of 10 votes to 3, to adhere to the Communist International.

April. G. carries out effective socialist propaganda among the peasant-soldiers of the Sassari Brigade, who were sent to Turin for public security duties. — G., Tasca, Umberto Terracini, and Togliatti decide to give life to the magazine "l'Ordine nuovo. Rassegna settimanale di cultura socialista" The New Order. Weekly Review of Socialist Culture. G. is the editorial secretary. The financial effort (6,000 lire) is supported by Tasca. Initially, a libertarian communist, the engineer Pietro Mosso ("Carlo Petri"), is also part of the editorial staff. The administrative work is entrusted to a young comrade, Pia Carena.

May 1. The first issue of "l'Ordine nuovo" is released (on the left, in the header, the motto: "Educate yourselves because we will need all your intelligence. Agitate yourselves because we will need all your enthusiasm. Organize yourselves because we will need all your strength"). From an average of 3,000 readers and 300 subscribers in 1919, the magazine rises the following year to a circulation of nearly 5,000 copies and 1,100 subscribers, though it remains primarily distributed in Turin and Piedmont. In the month of May, G. is elected to the Executive Commission of the Turin socialist section, directed by the abstentionist G. Boero.

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June. With the article Workers' Democracy original: "Democrazia operaia" ("l'Ordine nuovo," June 21), G. frames the problem of internal factory commissions as "centers of proletarian life" and future "organs of proletarian power." G. systematically translates documents and testimonies on factory life and workers' councils from the international workers' press (Russian, French, English, etc.). He publishes texts by Lenin, Zinoviev, Bela Kun, etc. At the same time, the magazine makes the most vital voices of the revolution known in the field of culture: Barbusse, Lunacharsky, Romain Rolland, Eastman, Martinet, Gorky.

July. G. is arrested and sent for a few days to the Carceri Nuove New Prisons of Turin during the political strike in solidarity with the communist republics of Russia and Hungary. — On July 26, "l'Ordine nuovo" publishes The Program of the Communist Faction original: "Il programma della frazione comunista", taking it from "Il Soviet," the first official document of the abstentionist communist faction of the P.S.I., inspired by Bordiga.