The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated

PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION xix

&

TRANSLATOR’S NOTE xxii

FOREWORD xxiii

INTRODUCTION xxxi

I The Dead Sea Scrolls xxxii
II History of discovery and publication xxxvi
1 1947–1956: The First Manuscripts xxxvi
2 1949–1955: Excavation and publication of Cave 1 xxxvii
3 57 1951–1962: Excavation of Khirbet Qumran and the ‘Small Caves’ xxxviii
4 1952: Cave 4 xlii
5 1956–1977: Cave 11 xliii
III The dispute over authenticity and antiquity xlv
IV A sectarian library xlix
v Identity and origins of the Qumran Community lii
vi History of the Qumran Community lv
vii Further reading lvii

RULES 1

1 The Rule of the Community 3

A The Cave 1 Copy 3
1QRule of the Community (1QS) 3
B The Cave 4 Copies 20
4QRule of the Community^a (4Q255 [4Qpaps^a]) 20
4QRule of the Community^b (4Q256 [4QS^b]) 20
4QRule of the Community^c (4Q257 [4Qpaps^c]) 21
4QRule of the Community^d (4Q258 [4QS^d]) 22
4QRule of the Community^e (4Q259 [4QS^e]) 26
4QRule of the Community^f (4Q260 [4QS^f]) 29
4QRule of the Community^g (4Q261 [4QS^g]) 30
4QRule of the Community^h (4Q262 [4QS^h]) 31
4QRule of the Communityⁱ (4Q263 [4QSⁱ]) 31
4QRule of the Community^j (4Q264 [4QS^j]) 31
c Copies from other caves 32
5QRule of the Community (5Q11 [5QS]) 32