The first part.

A general rule for middle notes in Ligatures

Ma. Their nature is easily known, for every note standing between two others is a Brief a note with a value of two beats, as thus.

A musical staff shows several groups of ligatures. Below the staff are numbers indicating rhythmic durations: 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 4.

But if it follow immediately after another, which had a tail going up, then is it a Semibrief a note with a value of one beat as I told you before, and you may see here in this
Exception.

A musical staff shows ligatures starting with an upward tail. Numbers below: 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 4 1 1 2 2.

Phi. So, now go to the final or last notes.
Ma. Every final note of a Ligature descending: being a square note is a long a note with a value of four beats:
Final notes in Ligatures

A musical staff shows various descending final notes in ligatures. Numbers below: 2 2 2 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 1 1 2 2.

Phi. But how if it be a hanging or long note?
Ma. Then is it always a brief except it follow a note, which hath the tail upward as here.

A musical staff shows ligatures with hanging or square notes. Numbers below: 4 2 2 2 2 1 1.

But if the note be ascending, be it either square or long it is always a brief if it lack a tail,
as thus.

A musical staff shows ascending ligatures without tails. Numbers below: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2.

Pricked notes in Ligature.

There be also Ligatures with pricks dots,
whereof, the first is three Minims notes with a value of half a beat, and the
last likewise three Minims thus,
A short musical staff segment shows a dotted (pricked) ligature.
And also others, whereof the first is three Semibreves, and the last two, thus:
A short musical staff segment shows another dotted ligature variant.
There be likewise other Ligatures which I have seen, but never used by any approved author, whereof I will cease to speak further, setting them only down with figures signifying their value of Semibreves, whereof if you find one directly to be set over another, the lowest is always first sung:

A musical staff shows complex ligatures, including notes stacked vertically. Numbers below: 1 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 4.