First, introductory part.

A.

The root of philosophy.

I.

1. However one may conceive the soul and its relationship to our body, in any case one must ascribe to the soul that expediency German: Zweckmässigkeit; suitability or purposiveness which we have long since ceased to hesitate to attribute to the body as an empirical one. Thus: one may be in doubt whether the expediency of the mental organization is to be thought of as resting upon the expedient conditions of the bodily organism, or as even identical with the same, or finally as founded upon peculiar relationships immanent to the soul; but one cannot doubt that the functions of the soul must generally be expedient, since they are of far too eminent importance for the preservation of the individual for us to be able to consider this preservation possible without thinking of the soul as fulfilling the requirements of expediency to a high degree in its functions.

2. But the requirements that we place upon expediency are of a twofold nature. Not only must an