A Work by the Illustrious Brahmagupta

In this [work], an example of the sum of arya a specific meter verses has not been made because it is evident. Now, he describes the mean motion, the finding of the shighrocca fastest-moving point/conjunction anomaly of the Sun, Mercury, and Venus, and [the positions of] Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.

Multiplied by 800 representing the divisor used in the calculation, divided by the [constant] 282207, the Sun, Mercury, and Venus, starting with their revolutions, are [obtained]; the same is the shighrocca for Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. ||5||

Meaning of the verse: "Khakhavasa" means zero, zero, and eight representing the number 800. Multiplied by those, "Khakhavasagunitah" means multiplied by that [value]. From where? From the day-count produced subsequently. "Vasagunakrtadhikam" means eight, three, and four the number 438; increased by that is "Vasagunakrtadhikam". "Muninakhadinandayameh" means seven, zero, two, and nine the number 282207; one should divide by those. "Bhaganadyarkabudhasitah" means the result that has the revolution at the beginning is "Bhaganadi". The Sun, Mercury, and Venus are [the result]. That same is the shighrocca for Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. That is the meaning.

In the manual, there are four divisions: mean position, mandocca slow-moving point/apogee, node, and shighrocca. For the Sun and Moon, there is no shighrocca; for the Sun, there is no node. Thus, the Sun has two divisions: mean position and mandocca. The Moon has three divisions: mean position, mandocca, and node. Mars and the others have four: mean position, mandocca, node, and shighrocca. Therefore, this is the meaning: the same that is the mean Sun is also the mean Mercury and the mean Venus. That same is the shighrocca for Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Now, above the Earth's sphere is the Moon's orbit, above that is the Mercury's orbit, above that the Venus's orbit, above that the Sun's orbit, above that the Mars's orbit, above that the Jupiter's orbit, above that the Saturn's orbit, and above that the stellar orbit. Thus, the orbits are situated one above another. Those whose orbit is above the Sun have the Sun as their shighrocca. Those whose orbit is below the Sun, excluding the Moon, have the Sun as their mean. Therefore, by the Sun's position, the mean Mercury and Venus are obtained. The shighroccas of Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn are obtained. That method is explained.

Manual: Having placed the desired day-count, multiply by 800. Then, one should add 438 to that. Then, one should divide it by 282207. The obtained revolutions are placed there. The remainder, multiplied by 12 and divided by 282207...