A Work by the Illustrious Brahmagupta

...and the line that goes from Lanka to the North Pole. Through the desantara-karma longitude correction on this line, the positions become local to one's own country. It is not possible to perform the contemporaneous calculation and the longitude correction without knowing the bhukti daily motion. The method for calculating planets is established by the author of the manual, so I have not explained it. I am presenting it clearly for the education of students. Considering one day as the ahargana, the daily motion of the planet is calculated like the mean planet. Example: The Sun's bhukti daily motion is as follows. A single day-count is 1. Multiplied by 800 Khakhavasu, it becomes 800. Divided by the number of days in a year referring to the orbital divisor, the revolutions are obtained. The remainder, multiplied by 12, is 600. Using the same divisor for the signs place, the remainder is 600. Multiplied by 20, it is 288,000. Multiplied by 60 and divided by the same divisor, we get 0 degrees. The remainder 288,000 multiplied by 60 and divided by the same divisor gives 58 minutes. The remainder multiplied by 60 and divided by the same divisor gives 8 seconds. Thus, the Sun's daily motion is 0;0;58;8.

Now, the Moon's motion. One tithi lunar day is 1. Multiplied by 12 is 12. Adding these degrees to the Sun's motion 0;0;58;8, we get 0;12;58;8. Also, the remainder of the lunar day is 11. Multiplied by 33, and divided by... the degrees obtained are 0;11;26. Adding this to the Sun's motion 0;12;58;8, we get 0;13;10;34. Alternatively, the motion is done in another way. One day-count is 1. Multiplied by 600 Khakharasa and divided by [divisor], the remainder is calculated like the Sun's, resulting in the Moon's motion of 0;13;10;34;5. Again, dividing the day-count by... nothing was obtained. This is the Moon's motion.

Another method for the Sun's motion: One tithi is 1, multiplied by 12 is 12. Subtracting these degrees from the Moon's motion of 0;13;10;34, the remainder is 0;12;58;8. The remainder of the lunar day is 11, multiplied by 33, divided by..., the result is 0;11;26. Subtracting this from the previous 0;12;58;8, the Sun's motion is 0;0;58;8.

Another method for the motions of the Sun and Moon: The remainder of the lunar day is 11. Divided by the daily motion, the result is 0;0;57. This is considered as minutes, etc. One is the intercalary month remainder. Adding 0;0;57 to this first...