COPERNICAN PLANISPHERE

Or, THE SYSTEM OF THE ENTIRE CREATED UNIVERSE

EXHIBITED ON A PLANE ACCORDING TO THE COPERNICAN HYPOTHESIS.

A hand-colored engraving of the Copernican heliocentric system. At the center is the Sun (Sol), depicted with a face and radiating golden beams. Surrounding the Sun are concentric circular orbits for the planets. The innermost orbit is Mercury (Mercurius), followed by Venus (Venus). The third orbit is the Earth (Terra), shown as a small globe accompanied by the Moon (Luna) in its own sub-orbit. The fourth orbit is Mars (Mars). The fifth is Jupiter (Iupiter), shown with four moons arranged in a cross-like pattern. The outermost planetary orbit is Saturn (Saturnus). The planetary system is enclosed within a wide ring containing the twelve signs of the Zodiac: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricornus, Aquarius, and Pisces, each illustrated with its representative figure and symbol. The background outside the celestial sphere is filled with clouds and various astronomical instruments. In the top corners are two elaborate pink and green cartouches containing the title text. In the bottom left, an elderly, bearded man in scholar's robes (likely representing an ancient astronomer) sits with a celestial globe, a compass, and open books. In the bottom right, a younger man in similar attire sits with another globe and various mathematical and astronomical tools. The entire scene is framed by a simple yellow and red border.

Zodiacal signs in the outer ring:
ARIES
TAURUS
GEMINI
CANCER
LEO
VIRGO
LIBRA
SCORPIO
SAGITTARIUS
CAPRICORN
AQUARIUS
PISCES

Text within the planetary orbits (from center outward):

SUN

MERCURY

VENUS

CIRCLE OF THE SUBLUNARY GLOBE WITH THE MOON AND THE FOUR ELEMENTS MOVING AROUND THE SUN, VENUS, AND MERCURY.

MARS
CIRCLE OF MARS.

JUPITER
CIRCLE OF JUPITER.

SATURN
ORB OF SATURN.