True Invention: That is, of the inventions which have been invented by the German nation

Among all the excellent general goods and true inventions, the invaluable, highly considerable majesty and dignity of the Holy Roman Empire, or Roman Empire, and its access, is to be regarded most heartily and considerately. This was indeed not entirely unknown or hidden from the world eight hundred years ago, but had been attacked, weakened, and diminished by many various incursions and devastations of those German peoples in the Eastern lands. While, however, various peoples—namely the Greeks, Italians, Goths, Lombards, and others—attempted to make such subject to themselves, as much through heathen tyrants as through Christian mild rule, the Germans or Franks—who had long before conquered France under their power and had the rest of Germany for support—withdrew the same from all the others, appropriated it for themselves, and chose Carolus Magnus Charlemagne, son of Pippin, as the first German Emperor, who then in the year of Christ 801 received and was anointed with the Imperial crown in Rome.

Although now all this is certain in this way,