True Invention: That is, of the inventions which have been invented by the German nation

The remaining part of Italy could not offer him any resistance, as it was undefended and protected by no king or prince, and even the city of Rome itself had been taken and plundered so many times by barbarian peoples. Thus, Emperor Carl, upon the insistent urging and admonitions of the aforementioned Pope Leo, not only accepted his protection but also the empire and imperial throne itself—which for that reason is called Roman—and established an old-new imperial regime, and was, as is fitting, inaugurated and crowned by the aforementioned Roman Bishop Leo. Therefore, the aforementioned Bishop Leo did not hand over or give anything at all to Emperor Carolo Magno, but rather crowned him in the capacity of an officiating office and proclaimed a Roman Emperor just like a general herald, not as an Emperor himself to his successors.

And indeed, what could this Pope Leo (says Bertius) as a bishop cast out and deposed from his regime and seat,