Juridical Dissertation on Contumacy

V.

By reason of time and order, it is established that Contumacia occurs either before the issue is joined or after it, in the first or second instance. See Nov. 126. c. 2. c. 70. §. ult. X. de appellat. O. C. I. p. 3. tit. 44. § seq.

VI.

The Remote Efficient Cause is the Common Law, custom, and statute. Wesembec. ad l. 13. num. 10. Tabor ad C. J. A. dist. tit. si quis Jus dic. non obtemp. And although presumed or fictional Contumacia seems to be induced solely by law, the law nevertheless presumes this from a person's deed, for example, running away, per l. pen. ubi Ddr. ff. de Restit. in integr. Wesembec. d. l. Hence the proximate Efficient Cause, and indeed insofar as it is dolus malus [evil deceit], by which the right of the opposing party is offended, or harmed or hindered, Scaccia de Jud. l. 1. c. 93. Rubr. Tit. X. de dol. & Contum. And this is either true in true Contumacia or presumed in presumed Contumacia. t. t. C. de dol. l. 199. ff. de R. J. Wesemb. d. l. n. 12. Tabor d. l. Add David Magirus in prælect. ad tit. ff. de Reg. Jur. ad h. l. 199. For since Contumacia, having attached to it contempt of the judge (vid. l. 5. de Judic.), is a delictum [offense], per l. 38. §. 1. & 2. ff. de administr. & peric. tut. l. 53. §. 2. & 3. ff. de Re Ju- dic. Jason. Mayne. l. Contumacia 53. ff. de Judic. Scaccia de Re Jud. l. 1. c. 93. Ziegler. ad Jus Canon. l. 3. tit. 6. num. 5. Casp. Klock. tom. 3. Cons. 187. num. 143., therefore it is not contracted without a deceitful mind, Wesemb. ad l. 13. C. Judic. n. 11. Carpz. de process. tit. 7. art. 2. n. 14. Ziegler. d. l. & arg. c. 54. X. de sentent. excomm. Where it is thereafter said that it is compared with deceit, in rubric. h. t. de dol. & contum., so that it is held as an offense that deserves punishment, per l. 53. ff. de re Judic., that there is at the very least such a correlation of it with an offense that the heir of the deceased cannot be condemned because of the Contumacia of the deceased, per l. un. §. fin. ff. si quis jus dic. non obtemp. Add Brunnem. ad d. l. un.

VII.

This deceit exerts itself in various ways of acting, and Contumacia is wont to be committed by (1.) Not coming, l. 68. ff. de Judic. l. 53. §. 1. ff. de Re Judic. c. 43. c. 11. quæst. 3. c. 2. & c. 6. X. de dol. & contum. (2.) Not acting, per l. 5. C. de ingen. manum. (3.) Not answering, l. 11. §. 4. ff. de interrog. in jur. fac. c. 1. X. de Judic. c. 4. X.