Juridical Dissertation on Contumacy

b. t. (4.) Not proving within the prefixed probationary term, at least to the exclusion of his own right. See Wesembec. ad d. l. 13. C. de Judic. d. l. Carpzov. in process. tit. 13. art. 1. §. 7. (5.) Not restoring, l. 68. ff. de R. V. l. 8. ff. de in litem jur. l. un. §. 1. ff. si quis jus dic. non obtemp. (6.) Not swearing, l. 38. ff. de jurejur. c. 4. X. de dol. & contum. (7.) Not exhibiting, l. fin. §. 1. ff. de appell. (8.) Not recognizing or denying an instrument. See R. I. de anno 1654. §. 34. 39. 54. Ordin. proc. Judic. Saxon. tit. 25. §. "Weil es auch" [Because it also]. Carpz. de proc. tit. 14. art. 3. num. 5. J. P. W. p. 1. tit. 35. pr. B. Dn. Bardili, in Dissert. de recognitione Instrum. θ. 15. (9.) Departing with the business unfinished, c. 4. X. de dol. & contum. c. 1. X. de Judic. &c., whence the following verses have become known, which Ungepaur relates at h. tit. de dol. & contum. p. 112. from the gloss:

Not coming, not restoring, and departing too soon,
Saying nothing, holding a pledge, and refusing to swear,
Speaking obscurely—these are rebels in Law.

The Efficient Cause, which encompasses the subject, are the very persons committing this Contumacia, namely the Plaintiff and the Defendant: for between these persons there is a lawsuit over some matter, per c. forus 10. X. extra de V. Signif. l. 62. ff. de Judic. Petr. Termin. in process. c. 8. num. 6., of whom, if several are called on one side or the other, or on both, they are co-litigants (Consorten / oder mit Kriegs-Verwandte). The Plaintiff, however, is otherwise called he who is appointed to the lawsuit by a tutor or curator, whether to institute an action or to defend one. §. fin. I. de Curator. l. 11. C. de procur. For tutors and curators cannot appoint procurators, because a procurator is appointed by the master of the action, but tutors and curators are only in the place of the master; so too, he who is appointed by a university for one cause is called Plaintiff (l. 6. ff. Quod Cujusq. univ. nom.), [and] he who is appointed for all causes of the university is called a Syndic. B. Dn. Lauterb. Dissert. de Syndic. θ. 9. In this place, the Plaintiff is he who seeks something from the Defendant in court, per l. 62. ff. de Judic. l. 22. ff. de prob. Bocer. Class. 6. diss. 4. θ. 6. B. Dn. Lauterbach. ad remed. leg. si contendat. 28. ff. de fidejuss. c. 8. θ. 76. The Defendant [Reus], however, so named from Res [thing], is, conversely, called he from whom something is sought in court, pr. J. de Except. l. 3. pr.