Imperial Privileged National Gazette

...the cause of their disregard. 6) The oath formulas themselves are extremely inconvenient; they refer in part to such dogmas and opinions of positive religious doctrine "Positive religion" refers to established, organized religion based on revelation and authority, as opposed to "natural religion" based on reason. that many otherwise religious and faithful people no longer recognize. Now, the binding nature of the oath does not actually depend on this: however, we know how much every inauthentic addition to moral motivations tends to weaken the effectiveness of the latter. — — Through these remarks, I wish to have directed the attention of several observers to this subject, which is important for humanity, and to have given some hints toward a more thorough answering of the following questions: Can, may, and should one—for the sake of the external importance of the oath—hinder Enlightenment and favor superstition? Or should oaths be abolished, or at least their number reduced? By what means should one make the oath either more effective or make it dispensable? Through a strict morality regarding truth and lies? Through harsh and infamous punishment for every judicial lie? Through the removal of all superstitious formulas and a simple reference to honor, duty, and conscience? Or by what other means? — I await observations and advice on this from the experienced, specifically those whose follow-through is morally permissible, psychologically possible, and applicable in practice.

Arts, Manufactures, and Factories.

New Material for Hat Manufacturers.

Joseph Tilstone, a hat manufacturer in Newcastle, Staffordshire, has attempted to use young goat hair for the production of hats; and through his preparation, he has delivered them of such extraordinary quality and fineness that a Royal Privilege original: "königl. Privilegium"; essentially a patent for exclusive manufacturing rights. for 10 years was recently granted to him for it.

For this, he takes the skins of goat lambs, leaches the hair off with lime, and then washes and beats it in pure water to carefully clean it of old lime particles. If the separation occurs in another way, and without lime, then the beating and washing are not necessary. As soon as

it is dried in the sun or in a drying-kiln, it is mixed with wool and processed into hats in the usual way; or hats are even made entirely from it alone.

Useful Institutions and Proposals.

Against the public announcement of the distribution of poor-relief funds, which has been introduced in so many places in improved poorhouses original: "Armenanstalten", various objections are still being raised, among which I will cite the most prominent. It is said:

1. The public disclosure of how the poor-relief funds are distributed always excites dissatisfaction. Every person measures poverty with a different yardstick, and personal interest always makes us consider one person less worthy of the benefit than another. Instead of animating the spirit of charity, it is thus only suppressed even more, and the desire to contribute anything to poor-relief institutions decreases.

2. The influx of people who demand to participate in public benefits with immodest persistence increases because of the comparisons that many persons make—in a insufficiently impartial way—with the financial state of other needy individuals: the business of the public almoners Those tasked with distributing alms/charity. is thereby made more difficult, and the malicious gossip of partiality, which they must endure from the unjust, sours their selfless efforts and makes them resentful, so that in the end, no one wants to take on this business anymore.

3. The modest, "shamefaced" poor original: "verschämten Armen"; a historical term for people who had fallen into poverty but felt a deep social stigma about it, often considered the most "deserving" of help because they did not beg openly., who tend to be the most worthy of support, are further prevented by the public announcement of distributed benefits from revealing their condition and imploring public compassion. Thereby, the intentions that should have been achieved through the establishment of public poor-relief funds for the reduction of true destitution are then thwarted.

I request all those who are occupied The catchword "schäfti" from the original German "beschäftigen" (to occupy/engage) leads into the next page. with improvements to public institutions...