ON THE GATES OF THE CITY

Portuensian

The thirteenth is the Portuensian Gate, named after the port of Emperor Claudius original: "Portuensis a portu Claudii Imp." This refers to the ancient harbor city of Portus.. Now, however, it is called the Gate of the Riverbank The Porta Portese, located near the Tiber river., upon which are letters of the Emperors Arcadius and Honorius regarding its restoration, as I mentioned above.

Aurelian

The fourteenth gate is the Aurelian, but it is now called the Gate of Saint Pancras Porta San Pancrazio, located on the Janiculum Hill..

Fontinal

The fifteenth is the Fontinal Gate, located not far from the aforementioned one in the Vatican, where remains still exist; it is named after the springs Latin: fontibus, as Livy suggests.

Septimian

The sixteenth is the Septimian Gate, named after Emperor Septimius Severus; it still retains its name today.

Of the Tower

The seventeenth is called the Gate of the Tower Porta Turrionis, founded by Pope Nicholas V not far from the Campo Santo The "Holy Field" or Teutonic Cemetery near St. Peter's.; it is also called the Posterula A term for a minor or "postern" gate..

Pertusa

The eighteenth is the Pertusa Gate Literally "The Pierced Gate." on the Vatican hill, not far from the palatine stables.

Julian

There is also the Julian Gate near the garden, which your Holiness The author is addressing the Pope, likely Leo X. recently founded and adorned with a lavish building of Travertine stone Latin: Tyburtino lapide; a locally sourced limestone used for Rome's grandest monuments. near the new walls called the Belvedere. These two gates do not always (like the others) show an open entrance, but are rather opened for the convenience of the Pope and the members of the Curia The administrative body of the Holy See..

Bronze

The twentieth is called the Bronze Gate original: "Aenea"; now, however, it is called the Gate of the Castle of Saint Angelo, located not far from the Mausoleum of Hadrian original: "mole Hadriana"; the massive circular tomb of Emperor Hadrian which was converted into a papal fortress.. These last five gates are located in the Leonine City The part of Rome on the west bank of the Tiber, including the Vatican, which was enclosed by the walls of Pope Leo IV in the 9th century..

There were also other gates, such as the Querquetulan, named from the oak tree Latin: quercus...