unhappy. And in turn, Beru likely referring to a specific region or archaic geographical designation and the New World are most happy. Of the ten heavens, the first seven are as follows. The Moon, like the other six planetary spheres, moves from the west to the east, completing its orbit in 27 days, but returning to the conjunction of the sun in 30 days. Nogah Venus, Cocab Mercury, and the Sun complete their orbit in an annual course. Maadim Mars, which is the star of vehemence and strength, does this in two years. Tzedec Jupiter, where the power of magistrates and religious equity resides, does so in 12 years. Saturn, or Sabtai Saturn, which derives its name from rest and cold, or from slowness and consistency, takes 30 years. The eighth sphere resists the daily motion with the same movement, moving one degree in 106 years, carrying with it the fixed stars. The ninth sphere, over 7,000 years, completes its course toward the poles of the world based on the poles placed at the head of the first and seventh signs, by moving the stars corporal

SEV DE COSMOGR. OR OF COSMOGRAPHY

of the lower world. The primum mobile the first mover, or the tenth heaven, carries all things along with it daily, rising from the point of midnight to the meridian, and descending from the meridian to midnight. This provides the ancient rationale for the regions above and below. Because it is necessary that all things occur under God in an orderly fashion, and that nothing occurs by chance, ten orders of intelligences are arranged above the heaven. They organize all things toward a certain end. By means of the same number of intelligences assigned to the ten spheres, things are moved here as if to a destination. Furthermore, in that place where the elemental fire ought to be, there is the Ætherea regio aetherial region, extending 32 semidiameters of the earth from the highest region of the air up to the concave of the sphere of the Moon. From this place, the substance of temperament arrives to reconcile the elements. Therefore, all celestial influences occur in