Apostles original: "Apostoli" They are the fathers of those whom they converted. 1 Corinthians 4: For in Christ Jesus I became your father through the gospel. St. Thomas Aquinas on Psalm 44.

Head of the Household. original: "Paterfamilias" The Apostles are compared to a head of a household who brings out both new and old things from his storeroom. Haymo, Sermon for the Feast of a Virgin.

Perfumers. original: "Pigmentarij" His cheeks are like beds of spices prepared by the perfumer-Apostles. St. Isidore on the Song of Songs.

Fishermen. original: "Piscatores" These Fisherman-Apostles cast out prayer in place of a fishing rod; they use memory as their line, virtues as their hook, and miracles as their bait. They fish from heaven though they must fish from the Rock The "Rock" refers to Christ or Peter; they receive an altar instead of a boat. In place of fish, they hunt for Kings. They stretch out the Gospel instead of a dragnet. They travel through life instead of the sea. They use grace instead of a craft, and they entangle souls with the Cross instead of a net. Proclus, Archbishop of Constantinople, Orations on St. Andrew the Apostle. See the Library of the Fathers, Paris 1654, volume 15, page 813.

Gates of the Church original: "Portæ Ecclesiæ" are the Apostles. St. Thomas on chapter 7 of the Song of Songs.

Heralds of Salvation, original: "Præcones salutis" ministers of immortality, and more brilliant than the sun, moon, and stars. Hesychius, Orations on St. Andrew the Apostle.

The First. original: "Primi" The Apostles are those last who were made first, even though they arrived at the eleventh hour. Ibid.

Princes. original: "Principes" They are called Princes because they were the first to receive the gifts of the Holy Spirit. St. Thomas on Psalm 44.

The Vial original: "Phiala" refers to the Apostles, who are full of the waters of life. St. Isidore on Exodus, chapter 51.

Psaltery and Lyre. original: "Psalterium, & Cithara" The Apostles are called a "Psaltery" because of their good lives and observance of the Ten Commandments. They are also called a "Lyre" because of their high and piercing preaching. St. Vincent Ferrer, Sermon for All Saints.

Branches. original: "Rami" The Apostles are branches: if anyone wishes to hold fast to them, he will not be submerged by the waves of this world. St. Augustine, Sermon 82. We understand the Apostles to be branches extended by the power of Christ, casting shade over the world; the nations fly to them in hope of life,

and though tossed by the whirlwind of the air—that is, the spirit and breath of the devil—they will find rest in them as if in the branches of a tree. St. Hilary, chapter 13 on Matthew, cited by St. Thomas.

Kings. original: "Reges" St. Thomas, Opuscula 14, on the fourth commandment, chapter 19. Also on Psalm 44.

Salt of the Earth. original: "Sal terræ" Christ calls them this so they may season others by the example of their lives. Ibid. on Matthew 5.

Fiery Arrow original: "Sagitta ignea" to set the hearts of believers on fire. St. Augustine on Psalm 7.

Scribes original: "Scribas" He calls them this because of their knowledge, for they understood the new and old things he brought forth (in the Gospels and the Law). St. Hilary, cited by St. Thomas in the Golden Chain on Matthew 13. Alternatively, the Apostles are called learned Scribes because they were the "Notaries of the Savior" who inscribed his words and commandments upon the fleshly tablets of the heart. Whatever they preached in the Gospel, they proved by the words of the Law and the Prophets. St. Jerome, cited by St. Thomas.

Shields of the Earth: original: "Scuta terræ" Because the Apostles were the protectors of all peoples. St. Thomas on Psalm 46.

Seats and Throne of God original: "Sedes, & thronus DEI" are the Apostles. Ibid. on Psalm 121.

Signs of the Zodiac. original: "Signa Zodiaci" Our Corderius Balthasar Corderius, a 17th-century Jesuit scholar says the Apostles are these in his Annotations on the 10th Epistle of St. Dionysius.

The Sun, original: "Sol" eyes of the globe, lights of the world, suns of the universe. Lobbetius, The Glory of the Father regarding St. Francis, section 3. "Suns of the Globe," Corderius, ibid.

The Innkeeper. original: "Stabularius" In Luke 10, the Apostles are the innkeepers. St. Isidore, On Allegories. The Apostles bear the image of the Innkeeper. Titus of Bostra on Luke 10.

Stars. original: "Stellæ" More brilliant than the Sun, Moon, and Stars. Hesychius, Orations on St. Andrew.

Tablets. original: "Tabulæ" What is signified by the tablets if not the Apostles? What by the silver bases if not the Prophets? St. Isidore on Exodus 46. The pillars are the Holy Teachers, the tablets are the Apostles, and the tents are the Superiors and Preachers. Ibid. chapter 48.

Censers. original: "Thuribula" They are like censers and vessels for the fire of the Holy Spirit; closed below by their contempt for the flesh, and open above through their desire for heavenly things. St. Thomas on Revelation 8.

TITLE XIII.

WATER.

Apostles. original: "Apostoli" Dark water in the clouds of the air, that is, the Apostles raised up from the earth—and the Apostles are called "dark water" only in comparison to the radiance of Christ. St. Thomas on Psalm 17.

Baptism. original: "Baptismus" He who is baptized carries a jar of water (Mark 14). St. Thomas in the Catena on Mark 14. The wedding is the union of Christ and the Church; the six stone water jars represent the Church founded upon the rock: they are full of water, which is the grace of Baptism. Arnobius on John 2.

Wood and Water original: "Lignum, & aqua" designates the Cross

and baptism. For just as Noah was saved with his family through wood and water, so the family of Christ is healed through Baptism and the Passion of the Cross. St. Isidore, chapter 7 on Genesis. Here stands Elisha with the wood to seek the ax-head that was submerged at the bottom, and it floated up to the wood (4 Kings 6) Modern 2 Kings 6. This signifies the human race, which fell from the forbidden tree into Hell; but through the wood of the Cross of Christ and the baptism of water, it floated back to paradise. St. Jerome, cited by St. Thomas in the Catena on Mark 15.

Blessed Water original: "Benedicta [aqua]" expels demons from bodies...