WRITERS

arranged alphabetically. Among many and various crimes.

He finished this work Referring to Against All Heresies, mentioned on the previous page. in Antwerp in the year 1556 and dedicated it to Philip II, who was then the husband of Mary, Queen of the English. To these books, Francis Fevardent, a Minorite A member of the Order of Friars Minor, or Franciscans. and Parisian theologian, added another three in which he refutes forty heresies that were either overlooked by Alfonso or were born and discovered after his death.

Two books on the power of penal law. original: "De potestate legis poenalis lib. 2." Two, and not a little harmful.

Twenty-four Homilies on Psalm 31. Delivered at Salamanca and dedicated in the year 1540 to Henry, Infante of Portugal and Archbishop of Braga. So immense is the divine goodness.

Twenty-five Homilies on Psalm 50. Delivered in the same place and dedicated in 1540 to John III, King of Portugal. To every prayer.

All these works of his, with the appendix by Francis Fevardent, were produced in elegant type in Paris by Michel Sonnius in 1578; but in that same year, they were reprinted there in a clear typeface by Sebastian Nivellius, and were afterwards very frequently printed in other workshops. For such was the desire of everyone to own these works—especially with such a cesspool of heretics arising—that booksellers took great care to have them for sale.

He died in Brussels and was buried in the choir of his fellow friars, where his dear disciple had this epitaph inscribed on his tomb:

To the Reverend Father ALONSO de Castro of Zamora, a man most highly adorned in all profane and sacred learning. After he had professed Theology at Salamanca for thirty years with great praise, and had published, among other noble works, that divine and never-dying work "Against All Heresies Born Since Christ the Savior," he was then summoned to Trent The Council of Trent (1545–1563), the definitive ecumenical council of the Counter-Reformation., where he earned a celebrated name for himself. Through forty-three years of preaching the Holy Gospel, he achieved a glory of genius, piety, and erudition among the Spaniards. He was chosen by Philip II, King of the Spains, among other counselors of divine matters and preachers, for whom he performed distinguished service in England while Philip restored religion in that kingdom. Finally, having followed the King to Belgium, he was called away by God the Best and Greatest at Brussels on the third day before the Nones of February February 3rd, 1558, in the 63rd year of his age and the 48th under the rule of Saint Francis. Gaspar Tamayo of Salamanca, in deep mourning, placed this for his most dear teacher and sweetest companion.

Robert Cardinal Bellarmine A powerful Jesuit theologian and Doctor of the Church., a man otherwise most modest, censures this distinguished author—from whom he received the greatest assistance in writing his own controversies—somewhat harshly in two or three places. In Volume 2, Book 2, On Images, Chapter 6, he says that Castro, not without rashness and prejudice to the Catholic faith, attributed such gross errors to such great men (namely, Bishop Serenus of Marseille and Epiphanius of Cyprus). However, if anyone reads Alonso (under the word Image in Book 8), they will see that he only truly reported regarding Serenus what Saint Gregory had rebuked in him concerning the images he had broken; and regarding Epiphanius, what he himself recounted in a letter to John, Bishop of Jerusalem, about how he tore a veil on which an image of Christ was depicted. Epiphanius was heard so unfavorably by some regarding this that in the Seventh Synod The Second Council of Nicaea (787 AD), which dealt with the use of icons., after the matter was maturely discussed, he was cleared of all error. Indeed, Castro himself reverently defends both bishops from

any mark of heresy. In Volume 3, Book 3, On Grace and Free Will, Chapter 4, Bellarmine says it seems Alonso approached the opinion of Calvin John Calvin, the Protestant Reformer; being compared to him was a serious theological charge. in defining the essence of liberty when he says that liberty is that which is opposed to necessity or, to speak more truly, to coercion. Yet Bellarmine himself later admits that Alonso indicates clearly enough that by "coercion" he understands any determination to a single outcome, and thus he only departs from the common opinion in his manner of speaking. In Volume 4, Book 1, On Marriage, Chapter 5, he says Alonso admits that marriage is not a Sacrament A sacred rite of the Church. proper to the New Law, but existed in the Old Law and was not so much instituted by Christ as confirmed by Him; this, Bellarmine says, cannot be safely defended. But Castro holds none of these things; he teaches only that marriage had its beginning in the union of our first parents—which no one will deny, at least regarding the union and the contract. See Bonaventure A 13th-century Franciscan theologian. and Pedro de Soto. Castro never said it was properly a Sacrament before the Law of Grace.

ALONSO CONTRERAS, Spaniard

from the province of the Conception, a supreme theologian and Confessor to the Duke of Alba, Governor of the Belgians; he was previously sent by Philip II, King of the Spains, to the Council of Trent for the second time. He was a man of singular modesty and also proven by much experience in affairs. When he had already begun to know the affairs and the character of the Belgians thoroughly, it was the judgment of many that if he could have survived, matters would not have declined so much as we see today. Upon his death, Viglius, the President of the Secret Council, said this eulogy to the attending Minorites: "The crown has fallen from your head." Numbered, as I said, among the theologians of the Council of Trent, he delivered to the Fathers under Pope Pius IV:

An Oration on the Reformation of the Church. Published in Brescia in 1563, and it exists among the orations published in folio at Leuven in 1572. He died in Brussels on December 7, 1569, and was buried in the choir of his monastery before the presbytery The area of a church near the altar reserved for the clergy..

ALONSO DE LA CRUZ, Spaniard

from the town of Valdemoro, of the province of Saint Paul of the Strict Observance, Guardian of the monastery of Saint Anthony of Avila; he published in Spanish:

Evangelical Discourses: the first part, Madrid, 1599.

Various Discourses, or annotations for the principal feasts of the Saints of the entire year. Madrid, 1599; and in Barcelona by Jacob Centrad in 1600, in quarto.

Another on the Purity of Saint Paul the Apostle. Madrid, 1599.

A treatise titled The Way of Salvation. Salamanca, 1625.

A Compendium of the Spiritual Life. Ibid., in the same year. He left in manuscript:

A Manual for Prelates.

Lenten Sermons.

ALONSO GUTIERRES, Spaniard

professor of sacred Theology and Minister of the province of Saint James; for the defense of the Mendicant Orders Religious orders like the Franciscans and Dominicans who originally relied on charity., he gave to Philip II, King of the Spains:

A learned and pious treatise, which he called a Memorial, printed by Antonio Daza in the 4th part of the Chronicles of the Order of Friars Minor.

He wrote other small works besides, not yet published, which used to be in the Library of the Minorites at Zamora.

He was living in the year 1573.

ALONSO DE HERRERA, and Molina, Spaniard