Textbook of Christian Dogmatics Presented in its Historical Development (1813) - Page 25

C o n t e n t s . XIX

Third Chapter.

On Angels and Demons.

1. According to the post-exilic books. §. 145. original: "א" (Aleph). The post-exilic books are those in the Hebrew Bible written after the return from the Babylonian Exile in 538 BCE, such as Zechariah or Daniel, where angelology becomes more prominent.
2. According to the Apocrypha. §. 146. 147. original: "ב" (Bet). The Apocrypha refers to Jewish texts from the Second Temple period that are not included in the Hebrew Bible but are found in some Christian canons.
3. According to Philo. §. 148. original: "ג" (Gimel). Philo of Alexandria was a Jewish philosopher who often interpreted angels as "Logoi" or divine thoughts.
4. According to Josephus. §. 149. original: "ד" (Dalet). Flavius Josephus was a 1st-century historian who documented Jewish beliefs and sects.
5. Doctrine of the Sadducees. §. 150. original: "ה" (He). The Sadducees were a Jewish sect known for rejecting the belief in the resurrection and, according to the New Testament, the existence of angels and spirits.

Fourth Chapter.

Doctrine of Man.

In theology, this is often called "Anthropology."

A. Origin and Pre-existence. §. 151. Pre-existence refers to the belief that the human soul exists before the body is conceived.
B. Immortality. §. 152 — 156.
C. Spiritual Dignity. §. 157. 158.
D. Ethical View. §. 159 — 161.

Fifth Chapter.

Doctrine of the Messiah.

1. According to Daniel. §. 162. original: "א" (Aleph). The Book of Daniel provides early apocalyptic imagery of a "Son of Man" which heavily influenced Messianic expectations.
2. According to the Apocrypha. §. 163 — 165. original: "ב" (Bet).
3. According to Philo. §. 166. original: "ג" (Gimel).
4. According to Josephus. §. 167. original: "ד" (Dalet).
5. According to the 4th Book of Ezra. §. 168. 169. original: "ה" (He). 4 Ezra is a Jewish apocalyptic work, likely written in the late 1st century CE, focusing on the problem of suffering and the coming of the Messiah.
6. At the time of Jesus. §. 170 — 182. original: "ו" (Vav). This section likely examines the diverse Messianic hopes held by Jews during the 1st century CE.