Theological Dissertation on the Theologoumena of Macarius Magnes

Philo the Jew had already used this term; the proof of this is his book On Monarchy, or On Worshipping the One God, which is found among the Works of Philo. A specific booklet by JUSTIN MARTYR exists On the Monarchy of God, in the former part of which, as testified by EUSEBIUS, he demonstrated the unity of the supreme God from the Holy Scriptures, and in the other, from the testimonies of Gentile writers as well, that there is one God and Lord of all things. Nor is it less certain that IRENAEUS wrote a letter to Florinus On Monarchy, or that God is not the creator of evils. Thus, GREGORY NAZIANZEN calls the reign of the Trinity "Monarchy" in his 40th Oration, and denies "polyarchy" in his 37th Oration. ATHANASIUS, though he does not make express mention of Monarchy, nevertheless asserts one kingdom of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, rejects polyarchy against it, and asserts that anarchy would follow therefrom, in his Oration against the Gentiles. CYRIL OF JERUSALEM entitled his sixth Catechesis On the Monarchy of God, in which he also attacks the multiplied divinities of the pagans, and proposes the majesty, unity, and singularity of the divine nature for consideration, especially in his ninth Catechesis. Finally, EPIPHANIUS, in his 62nd Heresy, §. 3, writes more openly: "We do not introduce a polytheism, but we preach a Monarchy. And in preaching a Monarchy, we are by no means wandering; rather, we confess the Trinity: a unity in Trinity, and a Trinity in unity, one Divinity of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, etc."

ADAM RECHENBERG'S dissertation on the Monarchian heretics, which is found in his Exercises on the N.T. and Ecclesiastical History, p. 345, et seqq.