TO THE READER

Kind Reader,

IN our previous treatise on Muscles, which we wrote three years ago in the vernacular tongue, we frankly confess that it was not as well cared for as it ought to have been; the Press by no means responding to our wishes and expectations. In this work, however, I have applied the most diligent care that I could, so that the order and series of the Six Tables there might fully correspond to the most learned Dr. Croune's William Croune Lectures on muscular matters in the Surgeons' Hall; but wherever I discovered that they were not accurately and vividly expressed, I there imposed a new task upon myself, and I did this, having used the utmost study and diligence everywhere, so that from dissections, both private and public, I might correct and amend whatever was redundant, lacking, or in any way deviated from the truth.

Truly, it was the primary purpose of this little work that I should assign to each Muscle its own proper name, seat, and position, not only as others are accustomed, described on the opposite page, but also marked with letters on the very mass of the body itself, wherever it shines forth; and where this was not possible due to excessive thinness, a small line drawn from the center of the Muscle itself indicates them.

If I see my effort approved by the Learned and Doctors, or to be of use and benefit to the Unskilled and Beginners in anatomical matters, I will value others a hair's breadth, who judge unfairly and, swept away by the desire to slander, think nothing is right except what they do themselves.

You, however, receive this our little work with an even mind, Benevolent Reader, and enjoy it if you can; with as much pleasure, while you read this little work, as I felt myself permeated with while I was composing it; and if I have perhaps slipped in some things, forgive me humanely, and remember that it is human to stumble and slide. Farewell.

J. B.

From my house in the street commonly called
Charles-street in the City of Westminster.

SYLLABUS of the most famous Sir CHARLES SCARBURGH, Knight and Primary Physician to the King, concerning all the Muscles of the Human Body, formerly prepared for the use of our Anatomical Theater. And now utilized and newly explained by the most famous Dr. WILLIAM CROUNE, most learned Lecturer.

Muscles in the supine Body.

FIRST LECTURE.

Compressors of the Abdomen:
- Oblique (Descending, Ascending)
- Rectus,
- Pyramidalis,
- Transverse.
Muscles of the Testicles: Cremasters.
Of the Scrotum: Dartos.
Of the Penis: Erectors, Accelerators.

SECOND LECTURE.

Muscles of the Face.

Frontal muscle
Of the eyebrows: Corrugator
Occipital muscles
Muscles of the eyelids: Orbicularis Closer, Elevator of the eyelid
Muscles of the nose: Elevator, Dilator of the wing of the nose, Constrictor
(Zygomatic or Distorter of the mouth).
Muscles of the lips:
- Elevator, Depressor of the upper lip
- Elevator, Depressor of the lower lip
- Sphincter of the lips
Muscles of the cheeks:
- Buccinator or Constrictor with the Salivary Duct.
- Quadratus.
Muscles of the ear: Elevator, Depressor, Adductor, Abductor of the ear.
Muscles of the lower jaw: Crotaphites or Temporal, Digastric, Masseter moving to the sides, External Pterygoid drawing forward, Internal Pterygoid drawing backward.
Muscles of the tongue: Styloglossus, Ceratoglossus, Anthrorum, Retrorum, Genioglossus, Myloglossus.
Muscles of the tongue itself.
Flexors of the head: Mastoids.

THIRD LECTURE.

Muscles of the Larynx: Hyo-thyroid, Sterno-thyroid, Crico-thyroid.
Thyroid muscles: Crico-thyroid.
Arytenoid muscles: Lateral Crico-arytenoid, Thyreo-arytenoid, Posterior Crico-arytenoid, Arytenoid.
Muscles of the Pharynx: Cephalo-pharyngeal, Stylo-pharyngeal, Spheno-pharyngeal, Crico-pharyngeal, Oesophago-pharyngeal.
Vagina of the throat. The Pterygoid muscle mentioned above does not occur here again well enough.
Muscles of the Uvula: Suspenders, Pterygostaphylinus, External Elevator, Internal Depressor.
Oblique muscles of the eyes: Oblique major with the Trochlea, Oblique minor.
Recti muscles of the eyes: Elevator, Depressor, Adductor, Abductor.
Ciliary fiber.
Muscles of the ear: External Laxator, Internal Laxator, Internal Tensor.
Muscles of the neck: Longus, Quadratus, Flexor Scalenus.
Muscles of the upper arms attached to the trunk: Deltoid, Pectoralis, Serratus major anticus, Serratus minor.
Muscles in the Thorax: Subclavian, Intercostals (external, internal), Triangularis, Diaphragm.
Muscles of the lower arms attached to the trunk.
Flexor muscle of the loins: Psoas (major, minor), Quadratus.
Muscles of the bladder: Sphincter, Detrusor of urine. So far the Muscles of the Head, Trunk, and Limbs in the supine Body.

FOURTH LECTURE.

Muscles in the prone Body.

Muscles of the Scapula: Superior part of the Trapezius, Elevator, Middle part of the Trapezius, Rhomboid, Inferior part of the Trapezius, Serratus major posticus, Serratus minor posticus.
Muscles of the back: Latissimus dorsi.
Muscles of the upper arms attached to the trunk: Splenius, Complexus.
Extensors of the head: Recti (majors, minors), Obliques (superiors, inferiors).
Extensors of the neck: Transversalis, Spinalis of the neck.
Sacral muscles of the loins: Semispinalis, Spinalis of the back, Sacral of the loins, Extensors of the Gluteus. Muscles of the superior limbs finished in themselves.
Muscles of the femur: Pyriformis, Marsupialis, Quadratus.
Muscles of the tibia: Sartorius, Triceps, Gracilis, Seminervosus, Semimembranosus, Biceps.

The Intercostals spoken of here again could be offended if their Origins were investigated.

Muscles of the arm (Humerus): Deltoid, Supra spinatus, Infra spinatus, Subscapularis, Teres major, Teres minor.
Muscles of the elbow: Pectoralis, Latissimus dorsi, Coracobrachialis, Biceps, Brachialis internus, Brachialis externus, Anconeus.
Muscles of the palm of the hand: Palmaris, Caro quadrata.
Flexor muscles of the wrist: Radial, Ulnar.
Extensor muscles of the wrist: Radial, Ulnar.
Muscles of the fingers: Flexor perforatus, Flexor perforans, Common Extensor, of the Index, of the Little finger.
First Lumbricales Interossei.
Muscles of the thumb: Flexor of the third joint, Twin of the first, Triplet of the second, of the third joint.
Of the first and second joint: (Adductor, Abductor) of the Index and Little finger.
Muscles of the radius: Quadratus, Longus, Brevis.

FIFTH LECTURE.

Muscles of the tibia: Pectinalis, Sartorius, Triceps, Membranosus, Gracilis, Seminervosus, Semimembranosus, Biceps, Popliteus.
Muscles of the femur: Gluteus (maximus, medius, minimus), Pyriformis, Marsupialis, Quadratus, Obturator extern., Obturator intern.
Muscles of the tibia: Rectus, Vastus (externus, internus), Cruralis.
Muscles of the tarsus: Tibialis anticus, Gastrocnemius (external, internal), Soleus, Plantaris, Tibialis posticus, Peroneus (first, second).
Muscles of the toes: Flexor of the third joint, Extensor of the third joint, Flexor perforatus, Flexor perforans, First Lumbricales.
Muscles of the big toe: Extensor of the 1st and 2nd joint, Flexor of the 1st and 2nd joint, Adductor, Abductor.
Muscles of the little toe: Adductor, Abductor, Transverse.

SIXTH LECTURE.

Muscles of the whole foot.

Muscles of the femur: Psoas (major, minor), Iliacus.

THE END.