Myographia nova sive Muscolorum omnium (in copore humano hactenus repertorum) accuratissima descripto, in...

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Dilator of the wings of the nose.

Dilatator alarum Nasi Dilator of the wings of the nose.

It arises from a thin and fleshy beginning from the bone of the upper jaw, near the first pair of labial lip muscles, and being inserted into the lower and upper part of the wings, it pulls them upward and at the same time dilates the nostrils.

Constrictor of the wings of the nose.

Constrictor alarum Nasi Constrictor of the wings of the nose.

This is called the orbicularis circular muscle by some, found in the upper lip; by pulling downward, it constricts the nostrils by the same operation. Bartholinus wrote that he had observed a certain appendage of this muscle descending into the upper lip, and that in those men who could not lift their noses unless they also lifted the upper lip at the same time. This muscle, however, is so excessively thin that it almost escapes sight, nor can it be conveniently represented by the chisel of the engraver.

Raising the upper lip.

Zygomaticus, or Distortor of the Mouth.

It arises from the zygomatic bone with a fleshy and broad beginning; from there, running obliquely downward and forward, it is inserted into the side of the upper lip near the first part of the nose, which, pulling it upward, attaches it to itself on both sides.

Elevator of the lip.

Elevator of the upper lip.

It arises, like the prior one, from the zygomatic bone, fleshy, round, and thick; and inserted into the lips where the lips end and are joined, it leads them upward and outward.

Depressor of the lower lip.

Depressor of the lower lip.

It arises fleshy from the lowest and outermost part of the lower jaw, whence, running obliquely, it is inserted, somewhat thick, into the middle of the lower lip, pulling it downward and outward. In some part of it, this is believed by most to be so closely joined to the quadratus square-shaped muscle that pulls down, that both muscles coalesce into one.

Constrictor of the lips.

Orbicularis, or Sphincter of the lips.

This is common to both lips and made from a fungous or spongy material; it arises with fibers returning in a circle from the middle bones of both jaws, and it attributes to the lips the form they bear. Indeed, it circles the mouth like a sphincter,

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pulling the lips toward one another as if into a kiss, which adhere firmly to the red skin, imparting its red color and crimson charms to the lips in turn.

Constrictor of the lips.

Buccinator, or constrictor with the salivary duct.

It arises likewise from each jaw, namely from the upper part of the upper jaw and the lower part of the lower jaw, where the gum begins, and it encompasses the cheeks in a circular flexure. The proper membrane of the mouth adheres to it so firmly on the inside that it can only be separated and torn away from it with great difficulty. On its exterior side, it has a large and round tendon inserted into its middle, which tendon takes its origin from a certain glandular material growing onto the zygomatic bone near its beginning. This muscle provides this use to the teeth, that it drives food toward them and expels it if any, perhaps, is not yet sufficiently ground and pre-chewed in the interval of the cheeks and gums, so that it cannot be correctly committed to the throat and stomach.

Depressor of the cheeks.

Quadratus, or Platysma Myodes Fleshy sheet-like muscle.

This muscle, situated beneath the skin of the neck, is seen there thin and membranous, adhering firmly to that same skin. It arises, however, from the vertebrae of the neck, the scapula, the clavicle, and the sternum, thin and broad, Use. with very many membranous fibers, whence, proceeding upward with oblique fibers, it is inserted into the chin where the lips are joined, and it serves to promote the opening or gap of the mouth. Observ. A Cynic spasm a type of facial convulsion/snarl follows from it being convulsed. For its more successful investigation and showing in conducting a dissection, you ought to leave its elongation, which makes the adductor of the ear to the inner parts, which adductor you will rarely require. The greatest care must also be taken in expertly separating it from the skin to which, as was said above, it adheres most tightly.

Elevator of the upper jaw.

Crotaphites, or temporal muscle.

It arises from the bone of the forehead, the sinciput, and the sphenoid, fleshy and semicircular; whence, having become narrower, it passes under the yoke-bone with a short but very firm and fleshy tendon, near the process of the lower jaw, which is named the corone crown-process. Use. obs. Three nerves are assigned to this on either side, the first from the third pair, the second from the fourth, and the third from the fifth pair, by which it happens that wounds received in this part, certainly always dangerous, are sometimes found to be even fatal. If you know how to lift this muscle expertly, you will find the periosteum membrane surrounding the bone beneath it, even if many assert the contrary.