Myographia nova sive Muscolorum omnium (in copore humano hactenus repertorum) accuratissima descripto, in...

(17) Tab. 8.

Elevator Auris Elevator of the ear.

They lift the ear.

It arises from the outer end of the frontal muscle, whence, thin and membranous, it passes into the temporal muscle, and, having become narrower, is inserted into the upper part of the ear, moving it upward and forward.

Detractor Auris Detractor of the ear.

They move downward.

It arises fleshy and broad and sometimes fibrous from the crown of the head, near the mastoid process the prominence of the temporal bone behind the ear, whence, having become thinner in its progress, it is inserted into the entire cartilage that surrounds the ear. Obs. Be careful when lifting the skin that you do not lift this muscle and lose it in the process. It moves the ear downward and forward.

Adductor Auris Adductor of the ear.

They move forward and somewhat upward.

This muscle shares characteristics with two others, as it partly belongs to the one that Spigelius calls the square muscle pulling down the cheeks, and partly it is found in the one that anatomists call the Platysma Myodes a broad, thin muscle of the neck and face. From its lower part, you will find a fleshy and fibrous elongation inserted into the roots of the ear. It draws the ear upward and forward.

Abductor Auris Abductor of the ear.

They move backward.

It arises above the mastoid processes from the collection of muscles found in the back of the head, with a thin and narrow beginning, whence it is carried transversely downward, and with a double, and sometimes triple, tendon is inserted into the back part of the ear, by which it is said to draw it backward.

Laxator Internus Internal laxator.

Extensor of the tympanum.

It arises from the upper and lower part of the auditory canal with a sufficiently ample beginning, then becoming fleshy, it is inserted externally with a rather short tendon into the Tympanum eardrum, extending its membrane together with the malleus hammer bone upward and outward. Be diligent when opening the petrous bone part of the temporal bone so that fragments of the ossicles tiny bones of the inner ear, if crushed incautiously, do not damage this muscle, so that it cannot be conveniently displayed.

Tensor Internus Internal tensor.

Internal tensor.

This muscle, situated within the petrous bone, arises from the base of the wedge-shaped sphenoid bone, whence it becomes fleshy and at once thin and narrow; after it has traveled half its course, it divides itself