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SOCRATES the Athenian, son of Sophroniscus the stonemason and Phaenarete the midwife, who, because he was of a sharp wit and saw that physics and eloquence were of no use without virtue, left those arts which alone were in use at that time, turned himself to ethics, and vehemently mocked the sophists. Furthermore, when Apollo was asked by someone about Socrates, he replied that he was the wisest man: because many envied him for this, he was accused by a certain Anytus and by Melitus the poet and Lycon the orator, as if he despised the gods and corrupted the youth, and because he spoke too spiritedly at his trial, he was sentenced to death and drank poison in prison: but the people immediately mourned his death so much that they punished his accusers with either death or exile, and dedicated a bronze statue to Socrates himself. Plato and many others were his disciples.
IO, daughter of Inachus, King of the Argives, whom Jupiter loved, and at the sudden intervention of Juno, he changed into a heifer. Juno, however, not lacking suspicion, begged Jupiter to give that heifer to her, and she handed her over to be guarded by Argus, who had a hundred eyes; but when Mercury, having been sent by Jupiter, had killed Argus, an enraged Juno sent a gadfly, a pestilent animal, to vex Io. Io, therefore, spurred by the gadfly, ran here and there, and coming to Egypt, restored to her original form, married King Osiris, and being called Isis, was made a goddess after her death. mbcfeglnuor
PALAMEDES, son of Nauplius, King of the island of Euboea, was killed by the Greeks themselves at Troy through the fraud of Ulysses: For when the Greeks were summoned to the Trojan war, Ulysses, in order to remain at home, pretended to be mad, and plowed the shore with various animals. Palamedes, however, to expose the pretense of Ulysses, placed his son in front of the plow, etc. Then, when they were at Troy, and Ulysses, having been sent to forage in Thrace, had brought back nothing, Palamedes set out to the same place and brought back much grain. Therefore Ulysses, seeing Palamedes was opposed to him, arranged for gold to be hidden in the tent of Palamedes. Then he accused him before the princes, saying that he had received gold from the Trojans to betray the Greeks: Palamedes denying it, the gold was sought and found, and he, though innocent, was stoned to death. He learned the order of battle and certain letters from the cranes, which observe wonderful formations while flying, whence cranes are called the birds of Palamedes.*
A row of five woodcut ornaments is displayed at the bottom of the page. In the center is a large, ornate royal crown. To its left and right are small floral or foliate decorative elements. At the far left and far right ends of the row are two smaller, identical crowns.