<Sêmeiôtikê> sive ratio dignoscendarum sedium male affectarum, et affectuum praeter naturam, auctore Jacobo Alberto, medico physico, Vindone.

The same may be thought regarding the sphincter of the bladder if urine is passed against the will. For each muscle is endowed with a double faculty, namely the animal and the natural. Thus, we say that the members serving respiration are diseased when the voice or breathing is impaired. These members themselves are the muscles of the thorax, the diaphragm original: "septum transversum", the eight muscles of the epigastrium, the lungs, and the trachea. Furthermore, atrophy, which is the wasting away of the whole body, signifies that the organs of nutrition are diseased. These are the stomach, the mesentery, the intestines, the liver, the spleen, and all the veins; we consider each of these to be healthy when they perform their duty properly. Therefore, if the bowels' excrement is suppressed, either some muscle of the epigastrium, or some intestine, or finally the diaphragm is diseased.

CHAPTER II.

An ornamental woodcut initial letter E features a figure standing in a landscape with hills and a tree.

Excrements signify not only the very members from which they are discharged, but also the unnatural ailments. By the name of excrements, we understand those things which are the substance of the locations themselves, as well as foreign matter, and finally everything else that is contained beyond nature within the diseased locations.