SIGNORVM

or opened, and blood leaps out as it flows, it signifies that an artery blood vessel carrying blood from the heart is wounded. But if it does not leap out and flows thickly, it shows a pierced vein. Likewise, when the head is struck, if blood flows either from the nostrils or the palate, it argues that one of the brain’s meninges membranes enclosing the brain is wounded. Likewise, that blood which is excreted together with urine signifies that either the kidneys, the urinary ducts, or finally the bladder is badly affected, just as Hippocrates teaches in Aphorism 78 of the fourth section: "For those who unexpectedly urinate blood, it is signified that a small vein has been ruptured from the kidneys." And if someone urinates blood or clots, or emits urine drop by drop, with pain extending to the hypogastrium lower abdomen, the pubis, and the perinæum the area between the anus and scrotum/vulva, the locations at the bladder are suffering. Likewise, in Aphorism 81 of the fourth section: "If someone urinates blood, pus, or flakes, and a heavy odor is present, an ulceration of the bladder is signified." Furthermore, the blood that flows from the anus signifies that the liver is affected, or the mesaraic veins mesenteric veins, or the intestines, or finally the hæmorrhoids varicose veins of the rectum/anus. But from the liver and the mesaraic veins as well as the hemorrhoids, it flows out alone and without excrement; but from the intestines, it is always excreted with excrement. Also, that which flows from the liver is thick and black, the flow of which was preceded by an inflammation of the liver itself. But that which exits from the veins of the intestines, which are called mesaraic, appears thin and watery; since it is imperfect.