[De articulis fidei]

are of the necessity of salvation, such as baptism and penance, which are instituted for the purging of sins, without which a person cannot be saved. Other sacraments, however, are not of the necessity of salvation, because without them a person can be saved, unless it be through contempt of the sacrament.

Having seen these things in general concerning the sacraments of the Church, it is necessary to speak in particular about each one. First, therefore, regarding baptism, it must be known that the matter of baptism is true and natural water. Nor does it matter whether it is cold or heated. In artificial waters, such as rose water and others of this kind, one cannot be baptized. The form of baptism, however, is this:

I baptize you in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.

The proper minister of this sacrament is a priest, to whom it pertains by office to baptize. In an article of necessity, however, not only a priest but also a deacon or a layman and a woman, or even a pagan or a heretic, can baptize, provided that they observe the form of the Church and intend to do what the Church does. If, however, outside an article of necessity one is baptized by such people, they indeed receive the sacrament and ought not to be baptized again; however, they do not receive the grace of the sacrament, because they are considered hypocrites, as those who receive the sacrament contrary to the statute of the Church. The effect of baptism is the remission of original sin and actual sin, and indeed of all guilt and even of the penalty, so that no satisfaction is to be enjoined upon the baptized for past sins, but those dying immediately after baptism are introduced into the glory of God. Whence the effect of baptism is put as the opening of the gate of paradise. Regarding this sacrament, there have been some errors. The first, indeed, is that of the Solentiani an early sect who say that they do not receive baptism in water, but only