[Novellae constitutiones]

petitions allowed by our sanctions to oppose. But the illustrious man who at whatever time the quaestor who has subscribed to the offered petition, or even given an answer, the illustrious Count of Private Affairs, if he has provided for instructions, or if he has admitted any insinuated petition, he will sustain our indignation, and examples of vengeance and temerity will be made for the rest. We decree that the memorial officials memoriales who have taken care to receive or fulfill such rescripts, and the palatines who have instructed or produced the deeds of an admitted petition, be punished by the loss of goods. We consider that civil matters, or those pertaining to public law, be immune from all petitioning.

a With others: namely, it is called proper, as where the lord is in direction, as it is valid in a feudal tenant emphyteota long-term land tenant and similar, because it is said to the lord for useful ownership; and not—I believe—to the creditor, nor the usufructuary lord of the lord, as Digest regarding the acquisition of property, title 15, paragraph penultimate and final. Nor is the husband lord, as Digest regarding marriage, law 'divorce', paragraph final concerning the land. Also, because that which is in his own, if someone in a sacred or religious place by chance, as Institute, paragraph regarding divine things, paragraph 'treasure'. But in these cases, all Digest regarding rights of the treasury, law 3, paragraph 'final' in places. Solution: as stated there.

b Sacrifices: to which see above regarding pacta agreements, throughout.

c Art: such as magic, to which see above regarding evil-doers, throughout; in which case the whole will belong to the treasury, since here he is unworthy, to which see Digest regarding rights of the treasury, law 1, around the beginning.

d Treasure: see, that is, the thing which is, as below, that which is inserted is a definition of treasure, as Digest regarding acquisition of property, law 9, paragraph final 'treasure' here properly; sometimes improperly, as Digest regarding exhibition, 'treasure'.

e Law: namely, this one, and not thus, see above, title, regarding authentica imperial laws added to the Code, law 2, in the beginning, and argument, regarding tuitio guardianship/protection, law 'when between' of the same surrender, and Digest regarding hatred, Institute, which are under hatred, see final, and regarding minors, law 'in the case' in the beginning, and regarding municipalities, law 1, in the end, where regarding legacies 1, final, which in the beginning, and so that the notary, law 1, paragraph 'if', Rescripto.

f Liberalities: if you have 'liberality' it is plain; if truly you have 'liberalities', then you should have 'imperial magnanimity', and here it seems to arrive so that the vision requested should be of the plural number, that is, 'by liberalities' it is ablative. Also, if you have 'in the greatness of his magnanimity, the majesties of the emperor', that is, understand, namely 'the concession', as above, the third have 'imperial majesty' and 'by liberalities'.

dare to disturb the ears.

For indeed in their own places, to each one—provided it is without wicked and punishable sacrifices b and by no other art c hateful to the laws—we grant free power to search for and use treasures d hidden by unknown owners in older times, movable, and found. So that the benefit of God may not further be pursued by hateful calumny, as it becomes superfluous for the good to ask for what is already permitted by law e, and the liberality f of the imperial majesty should be seen to arrive, to be requested.

g Wills: note, doing nothing by the will of the lord as if in the name of another, as to which see Institute regarding those through whom we acquire, law 3, in the beginning, and Digest regarding use/feud, see, and final, which in the end, and regarding Cornelia a law concerning assassins regarding the assassin, law 'Cornelian law', paragraph 'if', against, in stone quarries, as Digest regarding via, law 'of vendors', paragraph 1.

h Tenor: which is said, namely, the lord willing or unwilling.

i Law: see, this one, regarding which also one can accuse out of order, to which see Digest regarding penal sanction, and regarding the crime of stellionatus deceitful commercial crime, law 2.

k In others: to which see above, final, regarding the registry, final, he constitutes.

l Found: meaning finding, that is, who saw or perceived and had the intention of having, to which see Digest regarding acquisition of possession, law 3, paragraph 'Neratius'.

m Spares: the same if in the place of Caesar or a public city, for half belongs to the finder, the other to the city or treasury, as Institute regarding divine things.

In other's lands k however, let no one dare—against the will, or indeed even with the will g or ignorance of the owners—to search for hidden wealth in his own name. If, however, anyone believes he should supplicate us regarding this, beyond the tenor h of this law i, and if in another's place he has found l a treasure, let him be compelled to yield the whole to the owner of those places m, or as a transgressor of this law be most healthily punished. This is if, by chance, either by plowing or otherwise, the land

divine, regarding treasures. Also contrary, see below, regarding metals, law 'all'. Solution: as stated there. Also by what action the lord seeks to search for wealth. Response: regarding the hatred of this, or from the rei vindicatio claim of ownership, or even from tributes, regarding other fiscal law, say the rubric 'Regarding annuals', and say regarding 'annual, triennial', that is, regarding the tribute which is provided for the annona grain supply of soldiers and horses or annona in kind, tributes in money; then say annona in kind, tribute in gold and silver, which is created; and see above, tribute is whatever is contributed, finally specially.

is being cultivated, or in any case not by the study of searching, he finds a treasure in another's lands, what is recovered, let half be retained, half given, and let him share with the owners of the places. Thus it will happen that each one may enjoy his own, and not envy others.

Regarding the grain supply and tributes.

that is, tribute which is given to the prince. And it must be known that one tribute is of the head, as Digest regarding census, law 1, final. Another of fields, as below, law 1. So that whoever is remitted to the Italians and some others, as Digest regarding census, law 1, 1, and final, and above, regarding episcopalis audientia episcopal hearing, law 'regarding these'. Nor does it object above, without census, law final, as noted there, nor Institute regarding divine things, above, regarding tradition, as I said there. Also note that the annona grain supply for the head is 10, meaning a golden aureus for the semina of the middle, as argument Digest regarding census, law final, above, paragraph 'divine', say that the middle through the same law, that is, regarding the ammonia grain/tax payment to be expanded or to be paid, and for that below, regarding ager and census, law final, since before, in the name of the estate, it is provided in a quantity of grain, which is called the fiftieth of barley, the fortieth of wine and lardi lard, the twentieth in parts not remote, as below, regarding receivers, law 1, measures, for individual pounds of silver five aurei gold coins are provided, as below, regarding the price which is brought in for the treasure, law 1, above, measure, but certainly that law says otherwise, to the likeness of silver, that in gold and other moneys the calculation be made. Also this title differs from that above regarding annual grain supplies.

He indeed must provide for the Emperor's others for the portions from which anyone, upon the death of the deceased, has become heir; but he who holds the possessions and perceives the fruits q must pay the annonae grain taxes p. Emperor.
Indictions are not accustomed to be imposed on persons, but on things. And therefore, the governor of the province will see to it that you are not burdened beyond the measure of those possessions which you possess. Emperor.
All weights must be weighed which our hands assign to delegations. Nothing further is to be exacted or remitted.

in those things which were given for salaries to the officials of the treasury. Also it differs from the inferior first, as noted there.
Likewise therefore regarding the first, from which it is permitted, above, regarding those who are summoned to court, law 3, otherwise by portion and then properly it is placed, that by four, etc.
It behooves, as above, regarding hereditary actions, law 2, above, it fails in 6 cases, as noted there; truth, as Digest, above, regarding public imperial.
p Annonae: even for things; and below, regarding the province of ships, law 2, and 2, and say annona, that is, tributes for annona, as in the rubric. Also in this case compensation is not opposed, as Digest regarding rights of the treasury, 'take away', what, who [opposes] compensation. But what if he is not solvent? Response: co-heirs are held from the person of the deceased when actions, argument above, without census or religion, law 1, which in the authentic, placed there; and it makes in the authentic regarding mandatum order/instruction, paragraph 'do not permit', which, above, without census or religion, law 'all', the possessions are seized, even if this be common.
q Fruits: not, however, those who [perceive] the custom of the region, as below, above.