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Vitruvius · 1552

...he must be able to make them correctly. For in the capitals, on the right and left, there are holes for the homotona cords of equal tension, through which ropes twisted from sinew are stretched by windlasses or pulleys and levers, which are not closed or tied off until the sounds make them certain and equal to the ears of the artist. For the arms that are enclosed in those tensions, when they are extended, must emit the blow equally and together on both sides. If they are not homotona, they will hinder the direct firing of projectiles. Likewise, in theaters, bronze vessels, which are placed in cells under the steps by mathematical reason, and the distinctions of sounds, which the Greeks call echeia resonant vessels, are composed for musical symphonies or concerts, divided in the circle of the fourth, the fifth, and the octave, so that when the voice of the stage sound in the arrangements hits them by touch, increased with increment, it reaches the ears of the spectators clearer and more sweetly. No one will be able to make hydraulic machines, and others that are similar to these instruments, without musical reasons. Moreover, it is necessary to know the discipline of medicine, on account of the inclinations of the sky, which the Greeks call climata zones/latitudes, and the airs of places, which are healthy or pestilent, and the uses of waters. Without these reasons, no healthy habitation can be made. It is also necessary that architects have knowledge of laws, which are necessary for common buildings regarding the boundary of eaves, sewers, and light. Likewise, the conduction of waters and other things of this kind must be known to architects, so that they may take precautions before they begin buildings, so that controversies are not left to the heads of households after the works are done, and so that, by writing laws, prudence can be provided for both the employer and the contractor. For if the law is skillfully written, it will be so that both are freed from one another without entrapment. From Astrology, one learns the East, West, South, North, and the reason of the sky, the equinox, the solstice, and the course of the stars; if someone does not have knowledge of these, he will not be able to know the reason of clocks at all. Since, therefore, this discipline is so decorated, and abounding in various and many types of erudition, I do not think that they can justly profess themselves to be architects suddenly, unless those who, from childhood, climbing these steps of the disciplines, nourished by the knowledge of many letters and arts, have arrived at the highest temple of Architecture. But perhaps it will seem wonderful to unskilled men that nature can learn such a number of doctrines and hold them in memory. But when they notice that all disciplines have a conjunction of things and communication between themselves, it will be believed that it can happen easily. For the encyclios disciplina the circle of education/liberal arts, like one body, is composed of these members. Thus, those who are instructed in varied erudition from tender ages recognize the same marks in all letters, and the communication of all disciplines, and for that reason, they know everything more easily. And so, about the old architects, Pythius, who nobly architected the temple of Minerva at Priene, says in his commentaries that an architect ought to be able to do more in all arts and doctrines...