M. Vitruvii Pollonis de architectura libri decem ad Caesarem Augustum omnibus omnium editionibus longe emendatiores collatis veteribus exemplis

...than those who, by their own industries and exercises, have led single things to the highest clarity. That, however, is not achieved in reality. For the architect should not, nor can he be, a grammarian as Aristarchus was, but not ungrammatical; nor a musician as Aristoxenus, but not unmusical; nor a painter like Apelles, but not unskilled in drawing; nor a sculptor like Myron or Polycletus, but not ignorant of the reason of sculpture; nor again a physician like Hippocrates, but not ignorant of medicine; nor excelling in other doctrines individually, but not unskilled in them. For in such a variety of things, no one can attain individual elegances, because to know and perceive their reasonings hardly falls within one's power. Yet, it is not only that architects cannot have the highest effect in all things, but even those who privately hold the properties of the arts do not achieve the highest rank of praise in all of them. Therefore, if in individual doctrines, individual artists—and not all, but a few—have hardly achieved nobility in their entire lifetime, how can the architect, who must be skilled in more arts, not make that same thing a wonderful and great thing, so that he lacks nothing of these, but also so that he surpasses all the artists who have shown assiduity with the highest industry in individual doctrines? Therefore, in this matter, Pythius seems to have erred, because he did not notice that individual arts are composed of two things: of the work and its reasoning. Of these, one is proper to those who are exercised in individual things, that is, the effect of the work; the other is common to all learned men, that is, reasoning: just as physicians and musicians [share knowledge] about the rhythm of veins and the movement of feet. But if it is necessary to heal a wound or save a sick person from danger, the musician will not approach, but that work will be proper to the physician. Likewise, in an instrument, not the physician, but the musician will play, so that ears may receive their pleasure from the songs. Similarly, there is a common dispute with astrologers and musicians about the sympathy of the stars and symphonies, in squares and triangles, the fourth and the fifth; with geometers, about vision, which in Greek is called logos optikos optical theory; and with all other doctrines, many things, or even all, are common solely for the sake of arguing. The execution of works, however, which are led to elegance by hand and handling, belongs to those who are properly trained for the doing in one art. Therefore, he seems to have done enough who has the parts and reasons of individual doctrines moderately known, and those which are necessary for Architecture, so that if there is a need to judge and approve something about these things and arts, he is not left behind or deficient. Those, however, to whom nature has attributed so much skill, sharpness, and memory that they can have the geometry, astrology, music, and other disciplines thoroughly known, pass over the duties of architects and are made Mathematicians mathematicians/scientists. Thus, they can easily argue against those disciplines because they are armed with many weapons of the disciplines. These, however, are found rarely, as...