De politia judaica, tam civili quam ecclesiastica, jam inde a suis primordiis, hoc est ab orbe condito, repetita

For by the name of a people is understood an aggregation of many men who are governed by the same divine and human laws.

The practice of that excommunication existed in Cain. Genesis 4:14 and 16.

Enoch, the seventh man from Adam, when he saw the descendants of Cain rushing into worse states, and the sons of God, or the people, falling away day by day more and more from ancient purity, proposed that solemn Anathema to the men of his age, which exists in Jude, verses 14 and 15. But that those words bore a solemn Anathema is argued by what Paul writes in 1 Corinthians 16:22, "Anathema Maran-atha." For those two words "Maran atha," i.e., "our Lord comes," seem entirely taken from that prophecy, and afterwards, from the words of that formula, Excommunication itself was named according to the custom of the Hebrews. That it is written "our Lord," and not merely and without the pronoun, "Lord"—as it is written in Jude as κύριος—happens because of the idiom of the Aramaic language, which approaches the idiom of the Hebrew language. For the Aramaeans, especially the Syrians, for κύριος say מרן, i.e., "our Lord," where the Hebrews say אדני, i.e., "my Lord," with the pronoun being abundant everywhere, both in Greek and Latin.

Furthermore, some of the Rabbis interpret the highest grade of excommunication