DN. sacratissimi principis Justiniani PP. A. Juris enucleati ex omni vetere jure collecti Digestorum seu Pandectarum libri quinquaginta

Pandects.
C

status and freedman.
On manumissions. 1. 1. 26. Which, like the rights of liberty, are recognized by the Praetor.
On those manumitted by the rod original: "manumissis vindicta". 2. 1. 25. The rod original: "vindicta" was a small wand with which the lictor, having first spoken the solemn words of the Praetor, touched the slave; the master soon turned this slave around, and thus he obtained citizenship and liberty.
On the manumissions imposed upon slaves belonging to a city meaning a corporate body or association. 3. 1. 3. For a corporation and a college that possesses the right of assembly can manumit in the manner of a private person.
On those manumitted by testament. 4. 1. 61. One so manumitted was called an Orcinus a freedman of a deceased person, that is, a freedman of the deceased himself.
On testamentary freedoms original: "fideicommissarijs libertatibus". 5. 1. 12. When an heir is ordered by the deceased to manumit a slave, the slave manumitted in this way was the freedman of the heir.
On the taking away of liberty. 6. 1. 1. Which, just as it can be given by testament, can also be taken away.
On those who are conditionally free original: "statu liberis". 7. 1. 42. That is, concerning those who are not free immediately, but [become so] from a certain day or condition.
Those who arrive at liberty without manumission. 8. 1. 9.
Who may and may not become free when manumitted, and on the Aelian Sentian Law original: "leg. Æliam Sentiam". 9. 1. 31. Which revokes freedoms given by a person under 20 years of age and by a debtor in fraud of creditors.
On the law of the authors of the years referring to the "Anni" or legal age requirements. 10. 1. 16. That is, that liberty which, if a slave obtains it from the Prince, makes him free-born, not a freedman.
On restoring those to the status of free-born, namely freedmen, and this by the Prince; by this act they become as free-born as if they had been born free, with the right of patronage extinguished. 11. 1. 5.
On a liberal cause original: "liberali causa". 12. 1. 44. Which is called a prejudicial cause, in which the status and liberty of a person are contested.
To whom it is not permitted to proclaim for liberty. 13. 1. 6. Such as a person over 20 years of age who sold himself, etc.
If a freedman is said to be free-born. 14. 1. 6. And it will be permitted to declare him free-born, and to propose this, provided it is within five years of the manumission.
Lest the status of the deceased be questioned after five years. 15. 1. 4.
On the uncovering of collusion original: "collatione detegenda". 16. 1. 5. By the Ninian council, as often as a master colludes with a slave so that he is held to be free-born, such a slave becomes the property of him who uncovered the collusion.

LIB. XLI.

On possessions, their effect, and their causes.
General and special causes of acquiring possession.
On acquiring the ownership of things. 1. 1. 6. Which is mostly acquired by possession. In this title, the methods of acquiring by the law of nations and civil law are explained.
On acquiring or losing possession. 2. 1. 54. Possession is for the purpose of retaining and initiating [rights to] a thing.
On usucaption gloss: acquisition of ownership through continuous possession and usurpation. 3. 1. 45. Usurpation is the interruption of usucaption. Usucaption is the acquisition of ownership through continuous use. By these two we acquire by civil law.
As paid original: "pro soluto". 4. 1. 4. The just causes of usucaption follow, which are not valid without a title. One acquires by usucaption "as paid" when a thing has been delivered for the sake of a debt.
As a buyer. Who truly bought. 5. 1. 14.
As an heir or possessor. 6. 1. 4. Who assumes the thing on the basis of an inheritance or possession of goods.
As a gift. 7. 1. 6. Who has it from a donation.
As abandoned. 8. 1. 8. Who occupied a thing that was abandoned.
As a legacy. 9. 1. 9. From whom the thing is held in the name of a legacy.
As a dowry. 10. 1. 3. Who thinks he possesses the thing as his own, and for whom there is no other title.

LIB. XLII.

How controversies of possessions are explained by the authority of a judge. These judgments are either
Ordinary, as often as creditors seek to be sent into possession of a debtor's goods, where the debt of the debtor has been declared from one of the causes that follow.
On a judged matter and the effect of sentences, and on interlocutions. 1. 1. 64.
On those who have confessed. 2. 1. 8.
On the cession of goods. 3. 1. 9. To which a debtor is prepared to submit.
For which causes one may go into possession. 4. 1. 5. For the sake of preserving the thing, namely, in the name of a debt, of legacies, and of a pregnancy.
On things, namely the debtor's, to be possessed by a creditor by the authority of a judge, or to be sold. 5. 1. 15.

On the privileges of creditors. 6. 1. 23.
On separations. 7. 1. 7. This is done as often as hereditary creditors and legatees demand that the goods of the deceased be separated from the goods of the heir.
On giving a curator to the goods. 8. 1. 9. Who may protect and sell the goods, and pay the creditors from the proceeds.
That things done in fraud of creditors may be restored. 9. 1. 25.

LIB. XLIII.

Extraordinary.
On interdicts or extraordinary actions.
Which today suffice for these, that is, in the place of interdicts. 1. 1. 5. Interdicts are formulas by which the Praetor either orders or forbids something. Interdicts are given to him who contends with another about possession. Today, however, those Praetorian formulas and petitions have been abolished.
Interdicts of universal things.
"Of which goods" original: "Quorum bonorum". 2. 1. 2. It is for obtaining possession, and is adapted to the possessor of goods who as heir has acquired the right and ownership of the inheritance only, and does not have corporal possession of it.
"Which of the legacies" original: "Quod legatorum". 3. 1. 2. It is given to an heir against him who has occupied something in the name of legacies not by the will of the heir, so that the heir himself may obtain that which the other has occupied.
Lest force be done to him who will have been sent into possession. 4. 1. 4.
On exhibiting tablets. 5. 1. 5. This interdict is given to all to whom something has been inscribed by testament, letter, or codicil, and whose interest it is that the tablets be exhibited; and he is held liable by this who suppresses the tablets of a testament against those who have something inscribed in them.

Of singular things which are either of
Sacred law. Lest anything be done in a sacred place. 6. 1. 3.
Public law. On public places and roads. 7. 1. 3. In which the Praetor forbids anything to be done that hinders the use of a public place.
Lest anything be done in a public place and road. 8. 1. 7.
On enjoying a public place. 9. 1. 2. By him who has leased it. This was introduced to preserve the revenues for those who lease public places.
On a public road and if anything is said to have been done in it. 10. 1. 7. This interdict concerns the public road and the duty of the aediles, so that those for whom this interdict does not suffice [may use it], just as the interdict "Lest anything be done in a public place."
On repairing a public road and path. 11. 1. 4. It is competent against him who, under the pretext of repair, has made the road worse and changed it.
On rivers, lest anything be done in a river or its bank, whereby it is navigated more poorly. 12. 1. 4.
Lest anything be done in a public river by which the water flows differently. 13. 1. 1. That it may be permitted to navigate on a public river. 14. 1. 1.
On fortifying a bank. 15. 1. 1. That is, lest force be used against one fortifying the bank of a river or the field that is around the bank.
Private. These interdicts are applied either