Theses hasce de renum vesicaeque calculo

The signs by which we recognize renal calculi are, among others, these: the patients experience a great and sharp pain, like a sting fixed in the kidneys, occurring without any tumor appearing externally.

A confirmed stone not only prevents the accustomed small sands from passing out, but in some it suppresses the urine entirely.

A heaviness of the affected part, on account of which the spine is bent with difficulty and not without the greatest pain, indicates that a stone is fully formed in the kidney.

Furthermore, after labor and more strenuous exercise, bloody urine sometimes flows, which (when other signs also concur) demonstrates that a stone is present.

A numbness of the leg which is directly on the side of the affected kidney for the most part τὸ accompanies the stone.

If ever a stone is moved from the kidneys and conveyed to the bladder, copious urine is passed, having a sandy sediment. Likewise, a vehement pain proceeds as far as the groin, the scrotum, and the testes.

The signs of a stone in the bladder are: a mitigation of the renal pain, and a suppression of urine, which is passed with great difficulty.

In those afflicted with this malady, a certain itching and, as it were, a tickling of the penis arises.

In those whose urine contains sandy deposits, the bladder does not for that reason necessarily suffer from a stone.

In those who have a sandy sediment, a stone is rarely generated.

Girls and women are rarely afflicted by the stone.

The stone is an hereditary disease.

A renal stone cannot be cured by incision.