De ischuria theses

VII.
Since this must necessarily happen in both ureters at the same time (for if only one is obstructed, urine nevertheless flows through the other) and since this rarely happens, urine is only rarely impeded by a cause in the ureters.

VIII.
When this does occur, it proceeds primarily from a stone, sometimes a clot of blood, and occasionally from pus; it hardly ever proceeds from any other humor.

IX.
We recognize this by the pain occurring around the kidneys, with no torment or swelling presenting itself meanwhile around the pubic region, and because there is no desire to urinate, and the bladder is found to be empty when a catheter is inserted.

X.
Constriction or obstruction of the bladder's neck or its duct provides a more frequent cause of ischuria.

XI.
This occurs whether in the neck of the bladder or in the remaining duct, which is the common path for urine in women.

XII.
It is constricted by excessive dryness, as sometimes but very rarely happens in the most burning fevers; otherwise, it may be constricted by a bond applied from the outside, or sometimes by some unnatural swelling.

XIII.
So too, when the bladder is distended by its own urine, its passage being rendered tighter and narrower (as often happens to those who have retained their urine for too long), the urine also often subsists for a long time.