Theses de dolore

in, and has brought pain inside the body, it will be clear from the patient's report. If, however, it has had its origin in the body, such as stones or worms, it betrays itself either by its exit, or is perceived by the artificial conjecture of the skilled Physician.

XXXVI.
If a stone is made in the kidneys, which is later moved and carried into the bladder (we make mention of this one alone here, as it is the one that almost alone admits the Physician's care, not that we are ignorant that stones can be generated in other parts of the body), the pain is heavy, as Hippocrates attests in 6 Epidemics, whether he understands it as heavy, which we called heavy-making above, which is almost as it rests in the kidneys, or sharp, such as happens when it is moved.

XXXVII.
If there are worms, the pain in the intestines is pricking and perforating, dragging the mouth of the stomach into sympathy because of the inner tunic, which the Intestines have in common with the stomach.

XIIX.
Signs of humors, vapors, and flatus are taken either from the causes that preceded them, such as the body's constitution, age, time of year, way of life, diet, exercise, etc. Or from the effects produced by them, not only primary and proximate, but also secondary and more remote; or finally from other accidents, for example, that flatus and vapors produce wandering and uncertain pains; furthermore, that they demand an ample and spacious place.

XXXIX.
Whether these causes harm by quantity or by quality, or both, appears then from the signs that argue for either a small or a large quantity of them; then from the testimony of the touch itself, by which the sick easily judge whether the affected part is from heat or cold, by weight and heaviness, or by some other reason.

XL.
But if it cannot be referred to these manifest qualities, it is an indication that it proceeded from some occult property.

XLI.
Various differences of pains can be given: for the sake of the doctrine of distinction, we divide them into essential and accidental.

XLII.
I call essential those that are taken from the subject, the form, and the efficient cause.