But the master omits the primary part of Medicine: therefore he errs greatly: The minor premise logic term: Whoever omits the theoretical part of Medicine omits a part, but you omit the theory. Therefore [he writes] the minor premise: Whoever attributes everything to practical Medicine, he who omits [theory], but in all things [he omits] all. Therefore the theory [is the] minor [premise]. Indeed, a physician of colic and other diseases must be involved in action. Another point: Physicians do not consider all non-natural affections as they cure them. Therefore the thesis is false. The antecedent: because many affections by their nature exist within the body and emptiness and sadness, because they are gradually their own. Through those things which are manifest to us, it must be rejected into the class of symptoms. We cannot [determine] the cure, but the indications are not first to us. Therefore we can institute the cure. Minor premise: It is necessary not first [to know] the causes, from which also the medicines [must be derived, until] the causes of diseases are known, and not

ON COLIC PAIN

THESIS I.

The physician considers colic pain, just as with other preternatural contrary to nature affections, for this reason only: that he may expel it from the body with suitable measures, and restore health to the subject in which it persists.

I I.

This expulsion of diseases, which we also call the cure, is then at last rightly performed: when it is instituted according to the indications derived artfully from the nature of each affection and its causes. This method of healing is both most certain among those three ancient sects of physicians and especially worthy of the philosopher-physician.

I I I.

Therefore, he who wishes to cure colic pain correctly must necessarily have its essence and causes diligently explored beforehand.

I V.

Its essence becomes known here in some way, because the affection is said to be preternatural. And since three preternatural affections are enumerated by physicians: one in a part of the body, which is a disease; another in the contents, the cause of the disease; the third in the functions and accidents, a symptom: and in this affection, some function, which is sense or sensation, is not obscurely damaged; it is manifest that it must be rejected into the class of symptoms.

V.

Every symptom, however, which is properly so called, depends on some disease as its proximate cause. Therefore, this will also be some disease: which, insofar as it adheres to some part, correctly obtains the name of disease; insofar as it excites the sensation of pain, it is called a cause.

V I.

Galen sometimes constitutes one proximate cause of pain, the solution of continuity a break in the bodily integrity; sometimes, when he speaks more from the practice of healing, he adds intemperies imbalance of bodily humors to this.

V I I.

However, each of those causes moves to pain only when it is still in motion. For a consummated intemperies, which has occupied a part equally, and a perfect solution of continuity, do not by their nature excite pain.