Political Fragments of Archytas, Charondas, Zaleucus + Hierocles

city, and importing into it other things from foreign countries. The systems of political society, therefore, are arranged through so many and such like parts.

III

Music

In the next place, it is necessary to speak of their adaptation and union. Since, however, the whole of political society may be perfectly likened to a lyre, in consequence of requiring tuning and assembly, and also because it is necessary that it should be touched and used musically;—this being the case, I have sufficiently spoken above about the construction of a polity, and shown from what and from how many particulars it is constituted. I shall now, therefore, endeavor to speak of the connection and union of these. I say then, that political society is adapted from the following three particulars: from disciplines, the study of manners or customs, and from the laws; and that through these three, man is instructed, and becomes more worthy.

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For disciplines are the sources of education and cause the desires to be impelled toward virtue. But the laws, partly restraining by fear, repel men from the commission of crimes, and partly alluring by honors and gifts, excite them to virtue. And manners and studies fashion the soul like wax, and through their continued energy, impress in it habits that become, as it were, natural.